Icones pleurothallidinarum /Carlyle A. Luer.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
XV .

SYSTEMATICS
OF

TRICHOSALPINX

ADDENDA TO DRACULA, MASDEVALLIA, MYOXANTHUS
AND SCAPHOSEPALUM

CORRIGENDA TO LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

(ORCHIDACEAE)

Missouri Botanical Garden v<

sit Sypdaiee}

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM |
XV

SYSTEMATICS
OF

TRICHOSALPINX

ADDENDA TO DRACULA, MASDEVALLIA, MYOXANTHUS
AND SCAPHOSEPALUM

CORRIGENDA TO LEPANTHES OF ECUADOR

Carlyle A. Luer

Missouri Botanical Garden

@ISBOUR! BOTANICAL
RBAROEN LIBRARY

MONOGRAPHS IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
FROM THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Volume 64

Published in December 1997 in an edition
of 500 copies.

ISSN 0161-1542
ISBN 0-915279-51-7.

Carlyle A. Luer
3222 Old Oak Drive
Sarasota, FL 34239-5019

Series Epitor
Marshall R. Crosby

Vicki Couture

Copyright (c) 1997 by Missouri ae Garden
All rights reserv
Printed in the U.S.A. ive cane Printing, Inc.
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CONTENTS

ST BAe EE SR Aa
Taxonomy of Trichosalpi 1-6
Keys to the subgenera and species 6-13
List of the species 14-16
The species of subgenus Trichosalpi 17-35
Illustrations of the species 36-41
The species of subgenus Tubella 42-87
Illustrations of the species 88-104
The species of subgenus Pseudolepanth 105-110
Illustrations of the species 111-113
The species of subgenus Xenia 114-116
Illustrations of the species 117-118
References 118
Index to the species 119-121
Corrigenda for Icones XIV 122
. Seer 123-136

Addenda to previously published genera ..............0-ssssseseeseees

Trichosalpinx dependens, Cordillera del Cutuci,
altitude 950 meters above sea lev

province of Morona-Santiago, Eeene,
el, 17 January 1989, photograph by Alexander C. Hirtz

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS
TRICHOSALPINX (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

_ The genus Trichosalpinx Luer, one of f four pleurothallid genera characterized
ibed, and a key to the four subgen-
era and species is given. Each species is described and illustrated.

kK

New tax
Platystele xiphochila (Rchbf. ) Luer, comb. nov.

stat. nov.
Trichosalpinx subgen. Xenia Luer, subgen. nov
1.) Luer, ees nov.
Trichosalpinx atropurpurea urea Luer, Sp. nov,
Trichosalpinx t barbelifera Luer & ies - nov.

ov.
Trichosalpinx ectopa Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.
ari . NOV.

cs
ae

Trichosalpinx hirtzii Luer, sp. nov.

Trichosalpinx lamellata no
Trichosalpinx lenticularis (Luer) rye comb. nov.
Trichosalpinx ligulata Luer Vv.

ee

2 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The first species attributable to the genus Trichosalpinx was described in 1816
as Dendrobium pusillum in Genera Species Plantarum by Humboldt, Bonpland &
Kunth from a collection by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1802 near Loja, Ecuador,
where it still occurs today. Lindley transferred it to Specklinia in 1836, then to
Pleurothallis in 1842. It is a member of subgenus Tubella.

The next two species of Trichosalpinx, members of subgenus Trichosalpinx,
were described simultaneously by Lindley in 1838 in the genus Specklinia (S. ci-
liaris and S. orbicularis). Lindley described in Pleurothallis the fourth and fifth
species (members of subgenus Tubella) as P. arbuscula and P. intricata in 1842 and
1846 respectively. Reichenbach also added species of Trichosalpinx in Pleurothal-
lis, beginning with P. lepanthiformis in 1844. This practice was continued by
Barbosa Rodrigues, Schlechter and others.

Eleven species of the future genus Trichosalpinx were recognized by Lindley in
his Folia Orchidacea Pleurothallis in 1859. He segregated species of Pleurothallis
with “‘lepanthiform stems”’ into “subsections” called Lepanthiformes in three of
his “‘sections” (Brachystachyae, Elongatae and Acuminatae). These species were
identified by the ramicauls (the stem of the plant between the rhizome and the
abscission layer) enclosed by a series of imbricating, tubular, more or less ciliate
sheaths similar to those found in Lepanthes.

The three species of Trichosalpinx, as well as many species of Pleurothallis
described by Barbosa Rodrigues between 1877 and 1891, were attributed by him to
Lepanthes. Cogniaux transferred them to Pleurothallis. In the Orchidaceae of
Martius’ Flora Brasiliensis of 1896, Cogniaux treated four species of Trichosalpinx
in section Lepanthiformes of Pleurothallis. He also ized as another section a
distantly allied genus, Lepanthopsis, also with lepanthiform-sheathed stems.
Cogniaux maintained his sections Lepanthiformes and Lepanthopsis in the Orchi-
daceae Antillanae of the Symbolae Antillanae edited by Urban in 1910.

Ames elevated Cogniaux’s section Lepanthopsis to the generic level in 1933,
but did nothing with section Lepanthiformes. The genus Trichosalpinx was pro-
posed in 1983 for these species with lepanthiform sheaths customarily treated in
Pleurothallis at which time 85 transfers from Pleurothallis were made. Today 108
species are known in the genus. They are widely distributed in the moist neotropi-
cal forests from southern Mexico through Central America, the Greater and Lesser
Antilles, and South America into southern Brazil.

Lepanthiform sheaths are tubular, closely fitting sheaths of a ramicaul that are
more or less imbricating, and longitudinally ribbed with an oblique, often dilated
ostium with a thickened margin. The ribs and margins vary from short-ciliate or
long-ciliate, minutely scabrous, or rarely glabrous. The pubescent sheaths of some
unrelated species of Pleurothallis, Restrepiopsis, and Stelis are not considered
lepanthiform.

A group of mostly Brazilian species, characterized by closely fitting, ribbed,
sometimes minutely ciliate sheaths with non-dilated ostia with thickened margins,
were thought to belong to Trichosalpinx when the genus was proposed. These
species with a hooded, semiterete column with a column-foot are best retained as a
subgeneric taxon in Pleurothallis. In 1975, Brieger based a monotypic genus,

Pabstiella, on one of them (Pleurothallis mirabilis Schitr.).

Trichosalpinx is one of four pleurothallid genera distinguished by lepanthiform
sheaths of the ramicauls, the other three being Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis and the

recently proposed Draconanthes.

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 3

Lepanthes is distinguished by membranous petals that are almost always trans-
versely bilobed; a lip that is commonly bilobed into blades with the middle lobe
usually modified into an appendix; and a footless column of seemingly unlimited
fi

‘orms.

Lepanthopsis is distinguished by one-veined sepals; simple petals; usually a
simple lip; and a short, transverse, membranous, footless column with an apical
anther and an apical, bilobed stigma. The column is similar to that of Platystele.

Draconanthes is distinguished by fleshy sepals; entire, elongate, fleshy petals;
and a cylindrical, footless column clasped by the sides of a thick, bilobed lip.

Trichosalpinx is characterized by the lepanthiform sheaths of the ramicaul; free
or connate sepals; entire, ciliate, denticulate, or fringed petals; an assortment of lips;
and four major variations of the column, one of the criteria used in separating the
four subgenera. The species related to T. ciliaris are contained in subgenus Tricho-
salpinx. The ramicauls are non-prolific, usually stout and usually with large lep-
anthiform sheaths. The racemes are usually shorter than the leaf, the petals are
ciliate or fringed, and the lateral sepals are more or less coherent. The lips are often
ciliated with basal lobules. The column is stout and semiterete, with the apex more
or less hooded, and with a column-foot.

The species with slender, often prolific ramicauls usually with thinner, more
delicate lepanthiform sheaths, are grouped into subgenus Tubella. The sheaths of
some species with very short ramicauls are almost glabrous or barely ciliate on the
margins. Perhaps this suggests a transition into Pleurothallis subgenus Specklinia.
The racemes of subgenus Tubella are usually longer than the leaf, the lateral
are more or less free, and the petals are entire. The lips are without basal lobules
and not ciliated. The column is slender with a column-foot and the apex not hood-
ed. However, isolated characters typical of the former subgenus also occur occa-
sionally in the latter.

Subgenus Pseudolepanthes with ten small species is characterized by an elon-
gated, successively flowered raceme. The sepals are variously ciliate-spiculate with
the laterals either connate or free. The lip is thickened with a conspicuous, verru-
cose callus, and the claw-like base is firmly attached to the footless column. The
column is more or less erect with the anther and stigma on the front surface.

In Systematics of Lepanthopsis (Luer, 1991), five non-conforming species were
included in Lepanthopsis subgenus Microlepanthes. Five other misfits are gathered
together here in subgenus Xenia. Xenia, ‘‘the strangers,” is characterized by an
elongated raceme; lateral sepals partially or wholly free; a fleshy, variously callous
lip; and a short, thick, unhooded column with an apical anther and an entire, apical
or subapical stigma.

Many species of Trichosalpinx are morphologically stable, but several large,
widely distributed taxa are treated here as species-complexes composed of nu-
merous, closely related variations: the T. blaisdellii-complex, the T. dependens-
complex, the T. dura-complex, the T. memor-complex, and the T. orbicularis-
complex. Within each, all combinations of the variations of morphological features
are encountered, more or less throughout the range of the taxon. Recognition of
each variation or combination of features would only perpetuate the confusion that
already exists. Great variations in size and degrees of pubescence occur in all these
complexes. No two populations are alike.

4 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

<u eel siibaldciaitail
i acts lacs Lit

Trichosalpinx Luer, Phytologia 54: 393, 1983.
Type: Specklinia ese chews Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 31, 1838. [Trichosalpinx ciliaris
(Lindl.)

ll ala
_

r].
Ety.: From the Greek trichosalpinx, ‘a trampet with hairs,” referring to the ciliated ribs and mar-
the cauline sheaths.

gins of the a
3 D$yn.: Pleurothallis sect. Brachystachyae subsect. Lepanthiformes Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis q
25, 1859. 3
Lectotype: Specklinia orbicularis Lindl. (Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 15: 65, 1986) :
Ety.: eee een ae - the Pee: ny referring to the lepanthiform habit.
Syn.: Pleurothall gat Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 26,
1859,
nt, typ Di el yp. lL , I L DAL £ (Luer, Monogr Syst Bot 15: 68, 1986)
Syn.: Pleurothallis sect. Acuminatae subsect. Lepanthif Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleurothallis 32,
1859.

Lectotype: Pleurothallis arbuscula Lindl. (Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 15: 68, 1986)
/Syn.: Siege pabaea 3 ak Vellosia 1, ed. 2: 120, 1891, in part.

“lp Syn.: Pl, th; 1 thife (Li il.) Cogn , FL. Bras. 3(4): 579, 1896, in part.
SO Syn.: thalli: Bipaleolatae Pabst, Orch. Brasilienses 162, 1975.
‘Bi rc or Und
Ety. LR. +h ) = 7. , Z 2. LI , ey S tn #1} = 3 talvect, . 2:

to ry ro

epiphytic.
ing t to ne sometimes ot pendent roots few to many, ee

ic. caespitose. ascend-
. E .
4 7 B +

tol t leaf, unifoliate, china
Le ¢€ i, 2g 4. sf. pa ), en ie ae by Rg of hla. mE tr + i a
ler, m 1 = ae. - a: 1. , dilated es be ti 1 see - th. she anc
th he ostia, the infl ging laterally witl lt the apex, or the
abscission a Leaf erect or sut lati I thinly to scene am:
ns eeepc pie ae A ly elliptical, i
t t btuse, not . the base contracted into into vn iole.
Inflorescence racemose ( (rarely reduced to 1 flower), short rs 6 conged
ed to to lax, s Strict to flexuous, disti distichous t 1 i owered,
r non-res inate, an by an erect, ascending desc endin slender
aOR a 1 fl ae go = i ng,
peduncle, oft tubular » oblique; pedicels slender, ov ary smooth to
costate; ns variously. colored, more or less ovate, with or flesh
carinate to rous

‘aly free to completely col “
2 eh RO™ Ee > as mo ef or ciliate, lip variously shaped, or lobed, often ciliat aed
snore or less sa to th e. a a
oa Ae attached e apex of a * well -developed column -foot

cal to-wnesah, the poltiih b dhorcad. bec tae tod Sa ee Se rwies :
caudicle, the stigma pas ty or ventral, entire, the hase of th 1 ae a: oat |

umn-foot with the apex of the ov: >
’ Trichosalpinx subgen. Trichosalpinx |
Type: Specklinia ciliaris Lindl. = Trichosalpine ciliaris.
Syn.: Pleurothallis sect. Brachystachyae subsect. Lepanthiformes

Type: Specklinia ciliaris Lindl. = Trichosalpinx ciliaris p

\ Syn.: Pleurothallis sect. Lepanthiformes (Lind1.) Con:
Syn.: Pleurothallis sect. sect. Bipaleolatae Pabst.
Type: Specklinia orbicularis Lindl. = ain orbicularis,

This subgenus of at least 24 species is distinguished by the caespitose habit
without prolific ramicauls; racemes shorter than the leaf (except for T. pringlei);
sepals more or less ot with the laterals variously connate or at least parallel,
sometimes recurving, sometimes forming a concave Synsepal; petals ciliate or |
fringed (except T. sane and an oblong, often ciliated lip with a central callus and

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 5

usually with basal lobules. These lips are similar to those of many species of
Pleurothallis subgenus Specklinia section Muscosae. The stout column is toothed
at the apex that partially covers the ventral anther. The column-foot is stout.

Except for lacking ciliated sheaths, some Brazilian species (i.e. Pleurothallis
microgemma Schltr.) are practically inseparable.

The subgenus consists of four widely distributed, frequent and variable com-
plexes (T. dependens in the Andes, T. blaisdellii in Central America, and T. memor
and T. orbicularis in both Central America and the Andes); two frequent species
with more limited distributions (T. ciliaris in northern Central America, and T.
egleri in Amazonian Brazil and the Guyanas); and seven geographically restricted
species that are more or less distinct from the rest. Except for T. pringlei and T.
ringens, all the species of this subgenus seem to grade into each other.

Trichosalpinx subgen. Tubella re Monogr. oye Bot. 15: 66, 1986.
Type: Pleurothallis acremona Luer = Trichosalpinx acremo
ey ee i tbe, “i fering tothe caline sheaths,

Type: Pleurothalis chamacepnte — f.= = Trichosalpins chamaelepanthes
Syn.: P. h 13 if

» Pl dhe vette. Lh L Tindl L, ey | a hy. I

a _ Syn.: Trichosalpinx subgen. Tubella sect. Tubellae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 15: 68, 1986.

This subgenus contains about 68 interrelated species widely distributed through-
out the range of the genus. They are distinguished by the usually slender habit
commonly with proliferating ramicauls clad in lepanthiform sheaths. The racemes
are longer than the leaf (short in T. quitensis); the sepals are more or less mem-
branous; the lateral sepals are free or variously connate below the middle; the petals
are entire; the lip is either simple or three-lobed; the disc usually bears a pair of
variously modified calli; and the base is without lobules. The lip is similar to those
of Pleurothallis subgenus Specklinia section Hymenodanthe. The usually slender
column is variable in length with the anther subapical or ventral. The column-foot
is either short or elongated.

Trichosalpi ubgen. Pseudol thes Luer, stat. nov.
Type: "Trichosalpies a Luer & & Escobar.
Ety.: F udo ” and the genus Lepanthes, referring to the similarity of the
species to that genus.

3°) Syn.: Trichosalpinx subgen. Tubella sect. Pseudolepanthes Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. 15: 68, 1986.

This subgenus of ten closely allied species from western Colombia and northern
Ecuador is characterized by the small habit with nonproliferating ramicauls clad in
lepanthiform sheaths. The racemes are successively flowered and progressively
elongated. The sepals are more or less membranous, ciliate or spiculate; the lateral
sepals are free or variously connate below the middle; the petals are entire or lobed
at the base; the lip is simple, but the disc bears a large, verrucose callus below
which the broad, unguiculate base is firmly attached to the base of the column. The
footless column is short and suberect with the anther and stigma on the front sur-
face, except for the arcuate column of T. spathulata.

2D
== i

z- % Trichosalpinx subgen. Xenia Luer, subgen. nov
prt Luer, Monogr.

6 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Type: Trichosalpinx

Ety.: From the Greek xenia, “strangers,
ently not allied with others in the genus.

Plantae parvae, aginibu 5 1 F ‘as

. Syst. Bot. 64: 114, 1997.

] Pony | HT lobat

= (othe =

This subgenus contains five individual species that are neither closely allied to
each other, nor are they well accommodated in the above three subgenera, nor in the
other three genera distinguished by lepanthiform sheaths. They present problems
similar to Lepanthopsis subgenus Microlepanthes, and they could conceivably be
brought together with them into a group of ten discordant elements. The alternative
is the erection of several small or monotypic genera. Studies in DNA may eventual-
ly resolve these problems.

As presently conceived, subgenus Xenia is characterized by the small habit with
nonproliferating ramicauls (except for T. lilliputalis) clad in lepanthiform sheaths.
The are elongated and either simult ly or successively flowered. The
sepals are glabrous and either caudate or noncaudate; the lateral sepals are free or
variously connate below the middle; the petals are entire (long-caudate in T. balla-
trix); the lip is thick and variously lobed and callous. The column is semiterete with
an apical anther and entire stigma. The anther is dorsal in T. lilliputalis. The
column-foot is short or absent.

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF TRI CHOSALPINX

1 Plants Caespitose (except T. pringlei) with nonproliferating ramicauls, slender to
stout, with lepanthiform sheaths that are often coarse; racemes shorter than the
leaf (except T. pringlei); petals often Ciliate, denticulate, erose, fimbriate or
serrate; lip with basal lobules (except T. ringens); column stout with a foot,

at the apex with the anther and stigma ventral (Fig. 1A.)
hae cans ietttrerseemenenanaesansenaseeseeeesesnsssneerseseeseseeeeeSUbgenus Trichosalpinx

1 a oe or ch proliferating ramicauls; racemes commonly longer than

—- shai S with entire margins (except T. decorata); lip without er

SOO SCTE S eer seenee

oo

2 Ramicauls proliferating or nonproliferating: 1j E ,
lip oblong,
more or less with 2 or 3 smail or longitudinal calli: earn mee Enon,

. column more or less slender
with a foot, unhooded, with the anther more or less subapical a
aa Hans tsk myoestaspoamnees sanocharaiesatcassenoiesoesssess Subgenus Tubella

lip thick, broad, various] i ;
column more or less stout, footless, with the anther ta ches agp ahmee

tumn (Fig. 3A.) .......
a yaseapesGummramrren: svt ecensesenssosonneesssensecerseees Subgenus Pseudolepanthe
3” Sepals glabrous; lip thick, variously lobed and Liles ce 4A.) tary pa i

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX F

Fig. 1A. Flower and floral parts Fig. 2A. Flower and floral
of subgenus Trichosalpinx of subgenus Tubella

Fig. 3A. Flower and floral parts Fig. 4A. Flower and floral parts
of subgenus Pseudolepanthes of subgenus Xenia

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS TRICHOSALPINX

Z

1 Plant repent
a? Diant ;

3

2 Inflorescence longer than the leaf

T. pringlei

2’ Inflorescence shorter than the leaf

T. navarrensis

3 Inflorescence successively 1-flowered

4

3° Infl |

eously 2-or-more-flowered

5

4 Sepals ciliate; lip with basal lobules
4’ Sepals glabrous; lip without basal lobules

T. inquisiviénsis

T.

ringens

6

5 Ramicaul more or less flexuous
5’ Ramicaul strict

11

6 Lip glabrous..............

6’ Lip ciliate

7
8

7 Raceme several-flowered, pendent.....

.T. berlineri

7’ Raceme 2-flowered, erect

S000 cores seesesessss:

8 Lip with the central callus NO pec nrttcnicdosgese achviceae sats

T. glabra

8° Lip with the central callus forked near the middle

oeessess

9 T ateral ecenale £¢

= oO oF NONI ae eesccevecsscosesee

SPP MESS Oee esse eee,

yng Te tent SONS ON RISGSRSOY Stak Seseeedeaetanceesucbominece fs

Se oe ae an OHO Neneh ci hindi oneiamnenssinstibebvipesiycharcane

T. memor
T. ciliaris

11 Lepanthiform sheaths white; leaf obovate, striped in purple..............
11’ None of the above .. pares cae ene reeh sinaitimininsniaoenieensi cs.

7

-T. vasquezii
12

12 Lip

POOP Oe Ret Oe eS Reseseeens

nearly as long as the
12’ Lip distinctly shorter

I. egleri
13

13 Petals triangular acute

stesssseserseesereees 1. (iangulipetala

14

15

J : acs oe A ee
13’ Petals not triangular, acute, glabrous letersi hblasnices seen inasss
14 Lip harrow, attenuate, I cher scacvaptnsntcreneeses piletiietince
14” Lip obtuse to round at the apex

a seece0.

17

sepals elliptical, approximate...

15 Lateral ape hietincrnsioance
15” Lateral sepals attenuated, diverging

TOF POSS Osseeeesa ees

seeessereeesscsereeee 1. OFDICULaTI

is
16

16 Lip glabrous; lateral sepals

16’ Lip ciliate;

not thickened toward the a ee T. rotundata
lateral sepals long-candate and thickened...

srsceccssesseeeeee 1. COUAAIA

forming a deeply concave Synsepal with involute
Tecurving above the middie.

17 Lateral sepals
17° Lateral sepals

18

8

Te Corse esses sescesssse

21

18 Synsepal glabrous; li
18° Synsepal ciliate or

SP OPC Os ese ese eseee

thin, narrowed above the middle
pubescent tvlblinsestnmiapeicendech

Tweet esses sescoseccecese ooeee

Sesee

T. psilantha
19

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 9

19 Lip with the central callus forked near the middle T. memor
19’ Lip with the central call 20

20 Lip widest at the apex, glabrous T. trachystoma
20’ Lip oblong, ciliate T. dependens

21 Lip wath omall, retrorce, basal lobubles......cxcucsesonsronssenevsstnuscsesnsssisasivne T. ———
21’ Lip with larger, diverging, basal lobules T. patula

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS TUBELLA

1 D . 1 + sup erp nosed e)
Ei dD 4 17 p P | (prolific) 42
2 Plant repent T. fissa
2’ Plant Caespitose 3
3 Ramicauls dimorphic (sterile ramicauls short, fertil icauls elongate)

T. metamorpha
3’ Ramicauls not dimorphic -
4 Ramicauls shorter than the leaf 5
4’R Is at least as long as the leaf 8
5 Lip with disc bicarinate T. pumila
5’ Lip with disc not bicarinate 6
6 Raceme elongate, several-flowered T. systremata
6’ Raceme short, 1- to 2-flowered q
7 Sepals 11 mm long with tails; lip with a pair of round calli T. webbiae
7 Sepals 5-6 mm long with tails; lip without pair of round calli............. T. nymphalis
8 Lip with uncinate or pedunculate basal lobes 9
8’ Lip with broad, obtuse basal lobes, or without basal lobes. ...............s::s-ssssseeeees 15
9 Raceme longer than the leaf 10
9’ Raceme shorter than the leaf 13
10 Lip with basal lobes pedunculate T. oterion
10’ Lip with basal lobes uncinate 11
11 Lateral sepals connate basally; petals acute T. dirhamphis
11’ Lateral sepals connate at least to middle; petals obtuse 12

12 Plant more than 5 cm tall; lip with acute, uncinate T. montana
12 Plant less than 5 cm tall; lip with narrowly obtuse, te lobes......T. dressleri

13 Raceme cognac lip with basal lobes very short T. quitensis
13’ Raceme lax; lip with basal lobes not very short 14

14 Lepanthiform sheaths glabrous; lip with basal lobes acute T. costata
14’ Lepanthiform sheaths with ciliate ostia; lip with basal lobes obtuse......T. teaguei

10 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

15 Raceme longer than the leaf 16
15’ Raceme shorter than the leaf 30

16 Peduncles fasciculate, 1- to 2-flowered T. fasciculata
16’ Peduncles 1- to 2, several-flowered 17
17 Lip with central lamella 18
17’ Lip without a central lamella 20

18 + with the lamalia cloft

og
18’ Lip with the lamella antire

T. tenuis
19

19 Ramicaul much longer than the leaf; lip with lobes low, above the 7 of lip

T. hamiltonii
19° — about as long as the leaf; lip with lobes tall, occupying ety half of

mellata
- Ramicaul less than 28 cm long 21
20’ Ramicaul 2-9 cm lon 27
21 Lip ob paca with 3 calli T. carinilabia
21’ Lip i b ) 22
22 Lip without mammillate 23
22 Lip with mammillate call (calli soaveins obecarg) 24
23 Sepals long-acuminate T. li
, igulata
23° Sepals not long-acuminate T. crucilabia
24 Sepals long-acuminate ... intri
T.
24” Sepals not long-acuminate wee)

rte hee with anterior has ong (plant minute)

26 Lip with lobes on basal

T. steyermarkii
26

% quarter... T. pusill
26’ Lip with lobes occupying lower half... T Pee
27 Ramicaul 4-9 cm long; raceme to 1

. : 7 cm long... Va ii
27 Ramicaul 2-5 cm long; raceme 2-5 cm long ..... viveasient
28 Dorsal sepal deeply cucullate cucullate, less

. — 4mm lon j
28’ Dorsal sepal not deeply cucullate 5 Besservsserserersesseseeee 1. YANQANENSIS

29 Lip with mammillate calli ..,

29° Lip without Se Oe ee T. intrica

wis mammillate calli... wrtsresseessstessossssassssesseesesreee 1. Multicuspidata

orescence 1-

30” Inflorescence se sepals acuminate amine; ip with or without cake ot
with or without calli.......31

31 Lip with a f

31° Lip wi a po eM cr calli. i tettwiyatcepefoakchsoaveinicsi

Teese essees.
sees Pet wOeDt Se teste eecseseescecs

tresereserssereeeess 1. SEMilunata
= 32

pel 4 oblong, obtuse ........_. ses Eas
sence en nintcttncteetornisesnntictomenennpes T fNDUTOE
thomboid, acute = *teersersssesessvessnseeseene 1, InGeguisepala

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 11

(Ramicauls superposed)
33 Plant small, caespitose, ramicauls with 2 or 3 heomteped ramicauls i atncnenennnes 34
33’ Plant not primarily caespitose, ramicauls in 43
34 Lip trilobed with mammillate calli 35
34’ Lip not trilobed with mammillate calli 37
35 Inflorescence to 5 cm, with 5 or more flowers T. intricata
35” Inflorescence to 2 cm, with 2-3 flowers 36
36 Ramicaul usually less than 1 cm long; sepals 4-5 mm long.................0++ T. pusilla
36’ Ramicaul 1-2 cm long; sepals striped, ca. 10 mm long.................... T. lenticularis
37 Lip with a central callus 38
37° Lip 2 or 3 calli 39
38 Lip with low, central callus T. membraniflora
38’ Lip with high, thick, basal callus T. tropida
39 Lip witha ek of central calli T. wilhelmii
39” Lip with 3 call 40
40 Lip with 3 longitudinal calli T. dura
40’ Lip with 3 short calli near the middle 4]
41 Sepals not long-acuminate; lip with lateral pad thick T. carinilabia
41’ Sepals long-acuminate; lip with lateral calli th T. todziae
42 Plant shrub-like with branching ramicauls..................:::csseseeeee T. amygdalodora
42’ Plant not shrub-like 43
43 Ramicauls above basal ramicaul mostly equal to or shorter than leaves............. a
43’ Ramicauls above the basal ramicaul mostly longer than the et 56
44 Leaves narrowly elliptical, 2-3 mm wide 45
44’ Leaves elliptical to 49
45 Leaves thick, terete 46
45’ Leaves not terete 47
46 Raceme shorter than the leaf; lip deeply trilobed with midlobe papillose.............
T. hirtzii
46’ Raceme longer than the leaf; lip shallowly trilobed with mammillate calli...........
T. teres
47 Leaves 1-1.5 cm long; lip trilobed with mammillate calli.................. T. solomonii
47 Leaves 2-4 cm long; lip carinate, without mammillate calli.................-00ec0s+ 48
48 Sepals ca. 7 mm long; lip with obtuse lobes near the middle.................. T. vagans

48” Sepals ca. 14 mm long; lip with erect, round lobes above the base
T. dunstervillei

49 Leaves elliptical, at least 4 mm wide 50
49” Leaves suborbicular 55

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

50 Lip trilobed below the middle 51
50” T ip PS = ee 52
51 Lip long-pubescent T. chaetoglossa
51’ Lip glabrous 52
52 Lip with the lobes low, obtuse; column not winged T. cedralensis
52’ Lip with the lobes tall, subacute; column winged T. acremona
33 Li Lip oblong I | T. parsonsii
53 lame without longitudinal call 54
Lip with pair of longit din I calli T. arbuscula
54” Lip with a tall longitudinal calh T. fruticosa
ne pia heat! scabrous; leaves not striped............. T. drosoides
sheaths iene leaves purple-striped...........ssseseee T. macphersonii
56 Plants robust, more than 15 cm tall with an
> elongate, basal ramicaul................- 57
56” Plants weak, scandent, long-proliferating 63
57 Lip oblong with a 58
57° Lip without longitudinal calli... 61
58 < .
zs sans long-acuminate; column with subquadrate apical wings 59
not long-acuminate; column with triangular apical wings 60
59 Sepals yellowish, 9-14 mm lon
, 8... T. arbuscul
59” Sepals arbuscula
with prominent purple stripes, 21-27 mm n long.. T. barbelifera
60 Sepals ca. 20 mm Jon
q g; lip mgt ea eke T.
0" Sepals ca. 7 mm long; lip oblong......... Sy somesien
61 Lip obscurely trilobed
Si" Lip wished ae vere a7 Hkes 2, <r es o akeneeae”
62 Leaves
elliptical, t 04
62" Leaves nersonty « Sada 2 aE 5 T. notosibirica
Y elliptical, to 1.5 cm long... we ...T. solomonii
63 Lip trilobed.... e)
63° Lip ohne, saan EETED it 64
Pichia tie nme 68
oO Lip trilobed above the middle, long-pube
64’ Lip trilobed below the middle, a woke thee

- with mammillate calli, pin
Sebeeaniiags cori): =A:

65 Sepals spiculate;
65” Sepals glabrous,

+1, chamaelepanthes
bie rs 66

eee:

" m Mn )
414d hae Lu empl dd mld ARN A Rd TARA LP EST

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 13

66 Leaves ca. 5 mm | 67
66” Leaves 10 or more mm long T. notosibirica
67 Sepals 2.5 mm long nana
67’ Sepals 5-10 mm long T. scabridula
68 Lip tricarinat T. dura
68’ Lip ehannalad hetween longitudinal reall; i x gentryi

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS PSEUDOLEPANTHES

1 Lateral sepal t 2
1’ Lateral sepals free 4

ee RRO WE d ER IS INIT or cescnicctensseravivicsccrenmndarereneveentnertsireenes T. decorata
2’ Petals entire 3

3 Lip with the callus as broad as the blade T. calceolaris
3” Lip with the blade broader than the callus T. zunagensis
4 nimi dice apcaepe shee) atest 5

4’ Petals e 8

5 Petals with bilateral, acute, basal angles T. ramosii
5’ Petals with one basal angle or process 6
6 Petals with a descending, basal process. T. ectopa
6’ Petals with a basal angle on the upper margin 7
7 Petals with an obtuse, basal angle on the upper margin ee ri i
7’ Petals with an uncinate process on the upper margin T. uv

8 Petals spathulate T. spathulata
8’ Petals not spathulate 9

9 Petals broader than the sepals T. silverstonei
9’ Petals narrower than the sepals T. pseudolepanthes

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SUBGENUS XENIA

1 Plant ascending, ramicauls prolific T. lilliputalis
1’ Plant caespitose, ramicauls not prolific 7
2 Sepals acuminate-caudate 3
2’ Sepals not acuminate-caudate 4
Petals caudate T. ballatrix
3° Petals obtuse T. hypocrita
4 Lip with acute, antrorse, lateral 1ODES................sssssecssesssesssessessesseeseseees T. escobarii

4’ Lip with thick, broadly obtuse, lateral lobes................ssessecsesssseeeseees T. tenuiflora

ie ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SPECIFIC EPITHETS ATTRIBUTED TO TRICHOSALPINX
Trich hh (Ly yer) Lue Fig oho
Ligon acunae Luer = Pleurothallis obliquipetala Ames & C.Schweinf.
Trichosalpinx aequatorialis eee uer = T, dirhamphis

phis
Trichosalpin inx alabastra astra (Luer & Escobar) Luer. Fig 26,
(Kranz }\ Luer Fig a7
Trichosalpinx apoda ne & saved Luer = Lepanthopsis apoda 2
(Garay & Dunsterville) Luer
uscula (Lindl.) Luer. Fig. 28., 29.
Trichosalpinx arbusculoides (Hashimoto) Luer = T. arbuscula
Fig. 30.
Trichosalpinx bacillaris — Tee = Pleurothallis bacillaris Pabst
Trichosalpinx ballatrix Luer & Escobar Fig. 103.
Trichosalpinx barbelifera “tid & Vasquez Fig. 31.
(Luer) Luer Fig. 1.
Trichosalpinx bicolor Barb Rod. ) Luer = Pleurothallis bicolor Barb.Rodr.
blaisdellii (S. Wats.) Luer Fig. 2.,3.,4.

Trichosalpinx bradei Sch ) Luer = Pleurothallis bradei Schltr.

Trichosalpinx brevispicata (C Schweinf. nd pene = = T. quitensis

Trichosalpinx bricenoénsis Luer & E: Fig. 93.
Trichosalpinx calceolaris Luer & Esc Nava g. 94.
Trichosalpinx carinifera af pepe ‘) Luer = Pleurothallis carinifera Bashar

g. 32.
Trichosalpinx castellensis (Brace) bec = = Pleurothallis castellensis Brad ‘
Trichosalpinx Luer & Escobar me i Fig, 5
Trichosalpinx cedralensis (Ames) Luer Fig. 33
. : (Luer) L Fig.
nar chamaelepanthes (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. » 36
Tr hoes ciliaris (Lindl.) Luer..... ig.
preses (Luer & Vasquez) Luer Fig. 37.
Trichosalpine Sete me ahrans shar pm rae Fi. 4
Trichosalpinx curti-bradei i (Pabst) Luer £07 eg Se cet a
Preto decorate ha Fig 93
(Luer) Luer........ io.
Trichosalping dinotheri (Rchb.f.) has =T, arbuscula ies pei
is (Luer) Luer...
Trichosal Fig. 40
a acest. nn T. se semilunata e
i inx drosoid v Fig.
Trich es Cnc & Ramirez. = ee Fig. 42
Trichoian s dara ree Fig. 43
Tric Rai Pp tee fd Te Fig. 44 45
etme egleri (Pabst) Ler eer rreeveeceeee Fig.
Trichosalpinx escobari aoinaacmieemidies rie. a
pink falci tala tee eaeeees ig. *
Trichosrha Farrag iH ) Laer = T. - pergrata, : Fig. 70.
inx fascic = Lepentopel fs farrago Caer & Hirtz) iii?
inx fissa Luer........ Fig.
Tricho salpinx fo lita (Grist) a te gn ee Fig. 47

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 15

Trich Ipinx gentryi Lue ; Fig. 49.
Trichosalpinx sinhen DE. Some & Christenson Fig. 10.
Trichosalpinx greenwoodiana Soto = T. memor
Trichosalpinx hamiltonii Fig. 50
Trichosalpinx hirtzii L Fig. 51.
Trichosalpinx oarete: (Garay & Dunsterv.) Luer. Fig. 105.
Trichosalpinx inaequisepala (C.Schweinf.) Luer. Fig. 52.
Trichosalpinx inquisiviénsis (Luer & Vasquez) Luer Fig. 11.
Trichosalpinx intricata (Lindl.) Luer Fig. 53.
Trichosalpinx jimburae Luer & Hirtz Fig. 54.
Tric inx lamellata Luer & Hirtz Fig. 55.
Trichosalpinx lancifera (Schl) ) Luer = T. orbicularis
Trichosalpinx lankesteriana Luer = T, blaisdellii Fig. 4.
Tric inx lenticularis (Luer) Luer. Fig. 56.
Trichosalpinx lepanthoides (Schltr) ) Luer = T. arbuscula
Trichosalpinx ligulata Luer Fig. 57.
Trichosalpinx lilliputalis (L viet &H Hirtz) Luer Fig. 106.
Trichosalpi pl ee Fig. 58.
Trichosalpinx mastophora (Luer & ys cot Luer = T. notosibirica................... Fig. 65.
Trichosalpinx matinhensis (Hoehne) Luer = Pleurothallis aaiuhanels Hoehne
Trichosalpinx membraniflora (C Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 59.
Trichosalpinx memor ser f. 1 _ Fig. 12.,13.,14.
Fig. 60.
Trichosalpinx microcharis (cit Luer = T. chamaelepanthes
(Griseb.) Luer = Lepanthopsis ee
(Griseb. ) Ames
Trichosalpinx minutipetala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer = T. memo.................. Fig. 13

Trichosalpinx mirabilis (Schltr.) Luer & Toscano = Pleurothallis mirabilis Schitr.
cums 988 pe (Leite) Luer 4 mo gt = Pleurothallis miragliae Leite
Trichosalpinx tana (Barb.Rodr.

Fig. 61.
Trichosalpinx siecle (Rchb.f.) — = oT. I icssisinttereermercnnccerencs Fig. 29.
Trichosalpinx mouraeoides (Hoehne) Luer = Pleurothallis mouraeoides Hoehne
i inx multicuspidata (Rchb.f.) Luer Fig. 62.
Trichosalpinx nageliana Soto = ‘T. memor Fig. 14.
Trichosalpinx nana (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer. Fig. 63.
Trichosalpinx navarrensis (Ames) D.Retana & J.Garcia Fig. 15.
Trichosalpinx notosibirica ee Luer Fig. 64.
Trichosalpinx nymphalis (Luer) I Fig. 66.

phase Ame obliquipetala (Ames re C.Schweinf.) Luer = Lepanthopsis
obliquipetala (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Luer
Trichosalpinx operculata (Luer) Luer = T, rotun

Trichosalpinx er na wag reed ) Luer Fig. 16.
Tric inx otarion (Luer) Lt Fig. 67.
Trichosalpinx oxychilos paler & Romero = T. orbicularis

i inx p ii & Dod Fig. 68.
Ti Ipinx patula Luer Fig. 17.

Trichosalpinx pergrata (Ames) L Fig 69.
Trichosalpinx pleurothalloides Con. ) Luer = Pleurothallis pleurothalloides Cogn.
Trichosalpinx podoglossa aren uer = Pleurothallis podoglossa Hoehne
Trichosalpinx pringlei i (Schltr .) Lu Fig. 18.
Luer er Escobar Fig. 97.
pinx psilantha Luer & Vasqu Fig. 19.
Trichosalpinx pterophora (Cogn.) ex = = Pleurothallis pterophora Cogn.

16 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

i, eo 1.

ila (1 uer) L ver Fig TL.
Tiichosalpine punctata (Lindl. ) Luer = Pleurothallis punctata Lindl.
lia (Barb.Rodr.) Luer = Pleurothallis punctata Lindl.

Trichosalpinx pusilla (H.B.K.) Luer rig
Trichosalpinx pyxos (Luer & <eaeee —_s pa amygdalodora
pinx q tb = Pleurothallis quadridentata
Barb.Rodr.
Trichosalpinx quartzicola (Barb.Rodr.) Luer = T. dirhamphis
Trichosalpinx quitensis (Rchb.f) Luer Fig. 73.
. Tetnh Ipi 1 Lyuer Fig. 98.
mia es Ta Fig. 20.
Trichosalpinx aldewe: (Luer & Escobar) Luer Fig. 74.
Trichosalpinx roraimensis (Rolfe) Luer = T. pusilla (H.B.K.) Luer
rotundata (C.Schweinf.) Dress Fig. 21.
Trichosalpinx ruschii (Hoehne) = eceeman ruschii Hoehne
i (Rolfe) Luer Fig. 74.,75
Trichoisigind cmdeata ti ont i Fig. 77.
Trichosalpinx Soo ae Fig. 99.
Trichosalpinx solomonii Fig. 78.
res snare sordida (Kina) Luer = Pleurothallis sordida Krinzl. 00
Fig. 100.
Trichosalp Di liglossa (Hoehne) | Sree ereonpepeteniaienentivees 7
Fig
Trichocts pr éarersig Sch a = Pleurothallis stictophylla Schltr.
Trichosalpinx strumifera Luer : Fig. 80.
ee vate ~ ner Fig. 81.
Trichosalpinx tamayoaa Soto = T. blaisdellii Fig. 3.
i tantilla (Luer) Luer Fig. 82.
Trichosalpinx te. (Barb.Rodr. )L sche
: nera uer = Pleurothallis tenera Barb.R.
Trichosalpinx tenuiflora (Schitr.) Luer ae Fig. 107.
Trichosalpinx tenuis (C.Schweinf.) Luer Fig. 84.
Trichosalpinx teres Lucr.......... Fig. 85.
Trichosalpinx todziae Luer........ Fig.
Trichosalpinx triangulipetala (Ames & Com Fig 2
: Lu Fig. 23.
Trichosalpinx trilobata (Fawc. & e & Reade) Luer. +8 ee Fig, 87.
sohaer snakes ence ae bees lee leiad tail : Fig. 88.
i 1.
perace re vertex “pa & Eacober. = hee Fig
Liewitees 2s violacea (Lem.) Luer = “ies catharinensis
richosa Cogn.
xi tro & Pater tf (Handro & Pabst) Luer = Pleurothallis wacker
nome 8
webbiae Luer re, sroteewenanccaieuhcenepenienses Fig. 90.
Trichosalpin. — Fig. 91.
Rehbf Lae Reh Laer eisai eee
Trichosalpinx fibre Sram. Ap tage ees Tea” 8 92.
Trichosalpinx zunagensis Lyer = Plewothallsephyrina R Rehb.é ai
oe habciceel Mee

Sap best Ee So i eS ee

_
Pe ee ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 17
SUBGENUS TRICHOSALPINX

OMUC Trichosalpinx berlineri Roehl pie) Lae Luer, t, Phytologia 54: 394, 1983. Fig. 1.
© \3\o \2 Bas.: Pleurothallis
Ety.: Nae inhonor of Bei Betiner MD. of Bloom, T. who collected this species.
Pl tol Ramicauls more or less
arcuate, descending, slender, slighty ieees! meres cm oe enclosed by ’ 7- 14 lepanthiform sheaths
with long, oblique, dilated, ciliate “ane! Leaf pendent, cori apie tie
long, 0.7-1.2 cm wide, to a petiole ca. 1 cm owing Inflorescence « a par eapieers
flexuous. savas es , asataaccoaly 6 eral-flowered raceme, 5-15 cm long, inclding te
form peduncle 8
rabies ovary 1.5 koa: sapa yellow tan or orange, aiesed ciitoth ca tetied akdoer ceca
fleshy, especially toward the apices, more or
less recurved, the dorsal sepal ovate, ctanes, £19 watt, 254-5 wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals
obtuse lamina, ag 10mm long, 3.5-51 mm wide, 4-veined, for-

hall Pit sal, th, hy

tire, elliptical 1 b 5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow or green,
cote neg sobpenersn 25-25 am ng [1S om ie ihe apex rounded, the sides broadly
alo Ft caseitied canbe thi teen, to

base with ir of lobules, y hing foot; column stout, 2-2.5 mm long,
with broad, gl A L ah AAT A. tat, eeh p . oh +h A ol. tig v entral, the

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: epiphytic, ca. 12 km east of Loja, alt. 2500 m, B. Berliner s.n. (Holotype
ees ere eoen m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirts &
W. Flores 10817 egg Nudo de Sabanilla, above ‘Yangana, alt. 2300-2500 m, 2 Apr. 1985, G. Harling
& L. Andersson 23515 (GB). Prov. of N i, alt. 850m, 10 Feb. 1986,
C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11764 (MO). Prov. Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe Rio
Zamora west of Zamora, alt. 1500 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree
11965 (MO), Cordillera del Condor, Nambija, alt. 1300 m, Feb. 1987, A. Hirtz 3297 (MO), ridge west of
Zumba, alt. 1800 m, 25 Jan. 1989, S. Dalstrim & T. Hoijer 1197 (MO).
VENEZUELA: Edo. I Claro, alt. 1100 m, Parqué Yacambi,
cloud forest, alt. 1500 m, C. C. K. Dunsterville s.n.; Edo. Tachira: road to La Florida, alt. 1500 m, July
1963, C. C. K. Dunsterville 790, Uribante, between La Siberia and Las Cuev: as Represa, alt. 1100 m, 8
July 1983, H. van der Werff & A. Gonzales 5087 (MO, VEN). Edo. Zulia: Sierra de Perij, a forest
between Pichicacao and Colombian border, meg a C. C.K. Dunsterville s.n
PERU: without collection data, 10 Oct. 1 5646 (MO). Dept. of Junin: Jauja, above
Monobamba, alt. : 10 Aug. 1992, D. a aenraen.
BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Mujiecas, epiphytic above Consata, alt. 1500 m, collected by R. Vasquez, J.
a ee 23 a 1981, Saemered a cobtivetion ® Mar. 1981, C. Luer 5972 (SEL); Nor Yungas,
ra-Mejillones, alt. 1500 m, 12-14 Feb. 1983, J. C. Solomon

9578 oath

This species is found relatively frequently in the Andes from Venezuela into
Bolivia. Although no collection from Colombia has been seen, it certainly occurs
there. The first known collection was made by Ben Berliner near the cold, wind-
swept pass east of Loja, which is famous for its rich orchid flora.

Arching, flexuous ramicauls with alternating, long and conspicuous, lepanthi-
form sheaths bear narrow leaves that hang downward. The loose, simultaneously
flowered inflorescence hangs limply beside the leaf, sometimes surpassing it in
length. The flowers gape widely, usually with the thickened apices of the sepals
recurved. The size of the yellowish flowers is variable. Plants from higher altitudes
sometimes produce flowers t rea pees Cone ee Ee ee The sepals
are glabrous, and the p ly small petals and lip are also

Trichosalpinx berlineri i is related to the sympatric T. p Sas which some-

similar with pendent but shorter leaves and much shorter inflor-
escences. Except for their being ciliate, the flowers of some gaping variations of T.
dependens are very similar to those of glabrous T. berlineri.

18 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

> Bas.: Pleurothallis blaisdellii

EE

heen jp

Trichosalpinx blaisdellii i = a aia ramp ee = ae Fig. 2.,3.,4.
iE Watson, co-discoverer of this species.

is Rolf , x sic. (K)

5 > Sym. ‘Pleurothallis peraltensis Ames, Sched. Orchid. 6: 65, 1923.

<— SiS Ale ve Pleur
Ety.:

»v Syn.: Trichosal,
Ety.: ane gee gies

+f © T, I,
Ar Ay
> +30 oes oe

J Vi’ viaiie val

es, Sched. Orchid. 9: 37, 1925.

leurothallis standleyi Am
Sdalesd eidihe ob aC Rance whe collected this species.
[pinx a (Mex.) 10:2 264, 1987.
oberto

T: ‘0, wh RA, De Pen ee |

T

~

_ wT

indleyana 10: 120, 1995.

Gao he rope

cultivated.

a
H Lankester, whose garden has become the Lankester Botanical

+ 1 A

13 cm long, ss sna ne Lpahiforn sata
or less suffused with

seve!

rose:

erect, tout, 3-
, dilated, ciliate ostia. i sefadect: ex coria-
elliptical, acute to subacute, 3-6.5 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, cu

neate baie into a petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence an erect, lax or subdense, siinisiaeiobeely
ral-flowered raceme, 1.5

ssrlving including the filiform peduncle 0.5-2 cm long, from n

ear the
apex of the ect floral bracts 1-2. 5 mm nm long pedicels 1. 52 mm vos ovary 1 mm long; sepals

to red-brown,
ovate, obtuse, 3.5-10 mm long, 53am: oa farer te lao
i , bifid lamina, or forming a concave once 3.5-10 mm abe 2-4mm

ee a i: ee

ie the sides aie

ee |

ent, minutely denticu:
g, subacute or obtuse, 1. 525 1 mm long, O41 mm wide, 1-veined; lip
orange-brown to py wih ciliate, oblong,
ed belo

sonerans © often get ens 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.75- 1 mm

th

e with varie ore retrorse ewe delicately wn 2
ra to the cane foo column stout, ce 75
th,

at the apex,

MEXICO: Edo. Vera Cruz: near

Chiapas: Cerro Pinola, alt. Peston T.
southwest of Chilpancingo 00 m, 1932, 0. Nagel 3862A (AMES), icaips, Ne
1200.1 10 Jan. 1933, O. Wage! oe naa dag Plan del

Ve:

(AMES

mn
locality, “‘h,

; Teotepec,
Apr. 1855, Botteri 912 (K); = of Orizaba, al
oa: km 223 betw

-3 mm nlong longitudinally win ed, irregularly den
ck, 1 mm long.

Mirador, Feb. 1842, F. Liebmann 7307 hg pie! 134) (C). Edo.
M. MacDougall D322 (AMES). Ed si

Cuernacava,

iloncillo, alt.
Carrizo, alt. 100m, “s Sain eet

ATEMALA: Wii ”* 1848, H. Kegel i i
» 41. Kegel s.n. (W). Without locality, 28 Apr.
1882, F.C. Lehmann 4381 (G). a of Al Alta Verapaz: Chocén forests, collected in 1885, fioweab in
cultivation at Cambridge, Nov. 1887, S. Watson & F. B otype:
flowered in cultivation

to Sebol, alt. 975 m,
lected near Cobia, 1 flowered

Il s.n. (Hol AMES, Isotype: K); road
20 Feb. 1981, M. Dix 800 (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 5850; col-

0. hep amare Ma eae 1990, C. Luer 14839

called near Cbg flowered aati eee Coban, 13 Feb. 1990, Cc.

Luer 14597 (MO). Dept. of Suchi ” alt. ected by Dr. Cesar Solano, flow-
ered in culti Tinschert, 18 Feb. 1981, C Luer 5844 (SE

-K).
HONDURAS: Prov. of ida: near
. Of Sola ~
(AMES). Dept. de Olancho,
Clewell 0434 (MO).

Rosa, alt. 4000 ft.
tenango: Pacaya, 30 Nov. 1938, J. R. Johnston
with Odonto intoglossum grande, ered at Glasnevin,

nsis: K). Without
ec) fer, cen 1981, C. lac sonene , collected and flowered in cultiva-

alt. | - A. Schipp 542 (AMES); Camp 328, alt. 2100
3840 (AMES); Stann Creek district, Middlesex, 24 Oct. 1939, P. H.
areetiricrrt alt. 1000 m, 26 Jan. 1

980, B. R. Adams 225

ela, Lancetilla Valley, 11 Mar. 1923, O. Ames II 173 (AMES).
ds 92 ).

| Rduabéd 67, 548, 580, 594
alt. 500-700 m, 12-17 Mar. 1 1972, C. Nelson & A.

cee ee oe

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 19

EL SALVADOR: Laguna de Las Ninfas, alt. 1700 m, F. Hamer 106 (MO); Boquerén San Salvador, alt.
1800 m, 21 Jan. ee F. Hamer 365 (AMES). ceed yaar alt. 1600 m, F. Hamer s.n.
NICARAGUA: Prov. of Granada: Volcan Mombach 1050 m, A. Heller 2965 (SEL). Prov. of
i : Macizos de Pefies Blancas, alt. 1000-12 200 m, A. prin 140 (SEL); ia, alt. 1050
m, A. Heller 3311 (SEL). a of peng yre enn - reat alt. 1000 m, L. O. Williams,
Molina et al. 23853 (EAP, F, SEL). P: alapa, Rio Arenal de Yali, J. Atwood, 4
Marshall & D. Neill 6787 , aa 6795 Lest ig or me west of Bonanza, 7 Jan. 1974
Atwood & D. Neill 7004 eepae: MO); Cerro Kana Copera, east of Siuna, alt. 250 m, D. Neill pt

(MO, SEL); along new road to Mina Nueva América, W. D. Stevens 8367 (MO).

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Alajucla: Rincén - la Vieja, alt. 700 m, 15 Aug. 1978, 4y Todzia 363, 398
(CR). Prov. of Cartago: Taburcia, Candelaria, ca. 1867, ger tn s.n. (W); Peralta, alt. 2500 feet, 13
a ie Pa gr ae 484 (holotype of P. peraltensis MES): Rio Meat bomen © i

ris
d Santa Maria, A. Endres s.n. (W); Ha Matiecn, south Joprmeaihy alt. 1400 m, 8 Feb. 1924, ita c.
Standley 33607 (holotype of P. 3 : US). Prov. of Guanacaste: Tilaran, San P
de Rio Chiquito, alt. 1000 m, 1 June 1987, W. Haber & E. Bello 7193 (CR, MO). Prov. of Heredia: Le
ction of Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui rivers, alt. 40-100 m, 19 Mar. 1921, K. Richardson
imo, alt. ca. 400

MO); Braulio Carrillo, Terciopelo trail, 29 Mar. 1991, K. Richardson 182 aaa a7 Copalchi, alt.
1800 m, flowered in cultivation, Lankester Bot. Gard., 18 Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17413 (MO). Prov. of
Puntarenas: teverde, Rio Guacimal, alt. 1000 m, 19 Feb. 1988, W. Haber & E. Bello 8268 (CR,
yess auld aa alt. 1450 m, 16 Mar. 1989, J. Atwood 89-84 ( ) osé: Sta. Maria
de Dota, H. E. Stork 1209a (AMES); same area, alt. 1500-1800 m, 26 Dec. 1925, P. C. Standley & J.
Valerio 43320 (AMES); vicinity of El General, alt. 850 m, Jan. 1936, A. F. Skutch 2392 (AMES); Finca
i Dimat en, 22 Oct. 1985, L.D. Gém ra

Without collection data, flowered in cultivation at the Lankester Bosse Garden,
- Cartago, 18 Mar. 1995, C. Luer 17411 (holotype of T. lankesteriana: CR; isotype: M

PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqui: Bajo Chorro, alt. caps ae i ti. 169 (AMES); adel locality, alt.
1200 m, C. W. Powell 424 (AMES); Mata Frances, collected by H. Butcher, flowered in cultivation by P.
Jesup, 17 Oct. 1975, C. Luer 1188 (SEL). Prov. of Darién: Jacqué Valley, K. Reading s.n. (MO). Prov.
of Panama: Llano-Carti road, alt. 300-500 m, C. Todzia & R. & K. Dressler 1020 (CR).

This taxon, treated here as a species-complex, or a super-species, is frequent and
morphologically variable throughout Middle America from Mexico to the Darien of
Panama. It was first collected and illustrated by Endres in Costa Rica around 1867.
He sent illustrations and hach 30 years before the species was

collected in Guatemala and published by Sereno Watson.

ai isa blaisdellii is closely related to T. ciliaris, with which it often

in Mexico and Guatemala. The latter is distinguished by the slender, more or
lose fl fl l and narrower leaves. The former is also closely related to T.
orbicularis with which it grows at the other end of Central America and Panama.
imens intermediate between T. blaisdellii and T. ciliaris, and specimens inter-
Aoi between T. blaisdellii and T. orbicularis have been seen. Numerous vege-
ve and floral variations are found in populations throughout the distribution of T.
Meu No two populations are .
complex is characterized by a relatively stout, more or less erect ramicaul
and an elliptical leaf, either narrow or broad. The short, congested inflorescence is
shorter than the leaf. The sepals are variously ciliate, occasionally chr (T.
tamayoana, Fig. 3.). The connivent lateral recurv
many species of pleurothallids, populations with “giant” flowers sometimes occur.
Sepals vary in length from three millimeters to as long as ten millimeters, without
significan' ical differences. A distinctive large variation was recognized
as T. lankesteriana, Fig. 4. The petals are variously ciliate. The lip is oblong,
obtuse or rounded at the apex, with ciliate margins, and with a low, rounded, more
or less cellular callus at the base. A pair of small, retrorse, membranous basal
obules is present. The apex of the column is irregularly fringed.

20 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

158" ""yictoobalighos caudata Luer & Escobar, sp. nov. Shai

Ety.: From the Latin caudatus, * “candate,” referring to the tails of the lateral sepals.
Species haec T. orbicularis (Lindl.) Luer affinis, deen dorsali atanaee ae ay lateralibus

Dienst Ti ¢ Bhs

themida oo compere stout,

cites ch cm long, enclosed by: 28 a poset but coarsely 6 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect,
dly elliptical-ovate, subacute to aod 1.5-

45 cm ane 1-2.5 cm wide, abruptly contracted below into a rg a 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a
conges secund, si simultaneously few-flowered raceme, 4-7 mm | ong, including the filiform peduncle

8 1-2 mm
long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; , white toward the bases, ae toward
the apices, glabrous, the dorsal baa casey ree acute, attenuate, 7.5-8 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 3-
veined, th 1 in lamin

the base, forming a shall ith the column-fi > $ mim long, -3 sam wide above the base, 4-
ices long-attenuate, thick, semi' ee a ok el

lucent, oblong, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex acute, fimbriate; lip yellow, pert

ciliate, narrowly triangular, acute, oe ace oe 0.5-0.75 mm wide, the disc with a

, delicate-

margins,
low, Llanetivdine!

ae

a

purple, stout, 2 mm long, longitndi
nll es with the apex anease mand pee beep the anther and the stigma ventral, the foot 1

Pine gta Dept. of Antioquia: La Tebaida, collected by E. Valencia, July aay Bowered in cultiva-
16 May 1993, C. Luer 16907 : MO) Solano,
fircndad is bern Ore O. Robledo at La Ceja, 19 Mar. 1989, C. Pcgtoche

(MO).
PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqui: Su Veekincoh oo S00. Soe 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1246 (SEL).

though little more than a geographical variation of the widely distributed and
thie T. orbicularis, this taxon is recognized here because the long-caudate later-
al sepals are very distinct. In Colombia it is known as “‘colas largas.”” Not found
within in the eastern distribution of T. orbicularis, in Colombia and Panama it
occurs within the distribution of T. orbicularis, from which it is indistinguishable
vegetatively,
The sepals of T. caudata are longer than those of typical T. orbicularis, the
laterals being acuminate into long, thick, semiterete tails that diverge toward the
es. The more or less ovate, concave, lateral sepals of T. orbicularis are more or
less thickened above the middle throughout its range, but far from the extreme

Variation seen in this taxon. The frin ed narrowl
einceaee ged petals, wly acute lip and fimbriate

Bas.: arsed Sy Edwards’ Bot.

Ety.: From the Latin ciliaris, “ “ciliate,” Fe endow
ee Nema Linnaea 18: 398, 1844.
Syn.: Hi Lh.) de. 7 is Ett ee

hife f) Kuntz, Rev. Ges: PLD: 68, 1891.

ciliaris (Lindl .) Luer, <5 44 54: 395, eel Fig. 6.
ip

eae 0.5-1.1 cn wile, cuneate below into petiole 34mm his : cae, 253 on

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 21

subdense, distichous, simult ly 1-fl d 1-2. 5 cm long including the filiform
Sabai tk5-| gon tones oiea uke th f th i 1; flo 1mm long; pedicels 1 mm
long; cia 0.5 mm long; sepals rosy, white toward the base, ciliate, fleshy, the dorsal sepal —

to obtuse, 3-4.5 mm haa 1.25-2 mm wide, 3-veined, $ connate to about the
Satis uacidchats. obtuse, more or less recurved, bifid lamina, 3.25-3.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 4-
veined together, forming a mentum with the preerig -foot; petals translucent, suffused with purple,
minutely ciliate, elliptical-oblong, subacute to obtuse, 1.5-1.75 mm long, 0.3-0.75 mm wide, 1-veined;
ee obtuse, 2 mm long, 0.5-1 1 mm wide, the sides thin, incurved below the middle,
it it forks into two low, indistinct calli, theb i I lobul ly hinged
between to the column-foot; column stout, | 75-2 1 mm 1 long, engin winged, laee ' denticu-
late at the apex, the anther and the stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 mm long,

pn Without locality, imported without collection data, Mar. 1838, Loddiges s.n. (Holotype: K).
Edo. Vera Cruz: near Mirador, ici 1841, F. Liebmann 7306 (orchid no. 130. Aig (C); F. Liebmann
7308 pin no. 131b) (C). Edo. Chiapas: El Real east of Ocosingo, 14 July 1954, R. L. Dressler 1413
(AMES); Monte Libano, east of renee 16 July ben R. L. Dressler eee (AMES ); near Laguna
Ocotal , alt. 950 m, 2 Aug. 1954, R. L.

stipe (AMES). Edo.
Guerrero: San Vicente toward Mt. Peineta, north of Atoyac, alt. 1000 m, 10 Jan. 1933, O. Nagel 2020A
(AMES). Edo. Oaxaca: below Plum. Hidalgo, alt. 1000 m, 17 Sept. 1936, O. Nagel 6068 (AMES). Edo.
San Luis Potosi: near Micos, Se a ee nes 0. aig eet Vera Cruz: Zacua-
pan, alt. 400 m, Feb. 1922, J. A. Purpus 88 (H near Cérdoba, alt. 800 m, 12 Mar. 1935, O. —
4594 (AMES); near Alma Longa east of alps re, 350 m, 26 Oct. 1936, 0. Nagel 4702 (AMES); N
Zacuapan, collected by C. A. Purpus, 1912,

1913, J. A. Purpus s.n. (eye of pur prema destroyed at B, lectotype he: peemtels €
A. Purpus 7712, Mar. 1914, UC); Zacuapan, El eee alt. 900 m, 20 ane 1933, C. yt Purpus 2464
(AMES). Without ways ST Or= 2223 (holotype of P. lepanthiformis: W; isotype: AMES). .
GUATEMALA: Dept. of Verapaz: “Anonas,” Salam4, Union ‘etiios, alt. 6500 ft., flowered in
cultivation bo seakirqat rong here Sycpoeier: 98 (MO). Dept. of Izabal: vicinity of
Quirigué, alt. 75-225 m, 15 May 1922, P. C. Standley 23901 (AMES), Los Andes district, alt. 15 ft., 8
Apr. 1935, M. W. Lewis 42 (AMES

BELIZE: Toledo

district, Blue Creek, alt. 30 m, 2 ah 1979, J. iri R. Adams B14

ocutena, San Luis, (AMES); Malcotal,
a oie} i4 faad 1932, J.B. Bdvards 183 (AMES); La Libertad, alt. 2500 ft., 27 June 1933, J. B.
Edwards 440 (AMES). Prov. of Cortes: Santa Cruz de Yojoa, alt. 2000 ft., 23 Aug. 1933, J. B. Edwards
503 (AMES).

AGUA: Prov. of Jinotega: Macizos de Pejias Bl alt. 1300 m, A. asta galt
COSTA RICA: Prov. of Cartago: Peralta, May 1925, C. H. Lankester 986 (A MES). Prov. of Limén: Rio
Reventazén below Cairo, alt. 55 m, 19 Feb. 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 48710, patches

This species is little more than a weak, vegetative form of the widely distribut-
ed, sebapane T. blaisdellii. The small, narrowly elliptical leaves are borne by a
slender, more or less flexuous ramicaul. The small, purplish flowers are produced

in a short, distichous raceme. The sepals and petals are ciliate, similar to those of T-
blaisdellii. The lip is ciliate and oblong, not necessarily only twice as long as wide
(Soto, 1987). It is thrice longer than wide in Lindley’s sketch of the type. The
conical callus at the base is more similar to that of T. memor than the low, longitu-
dinal callus of T. blaisdellii. The callus can also be seen to fork occasionally near
the middle, but this feature is often obscure. An illustration of T. memor was inad-
vertently substituted for T. ciliaris in Icones Pleurothallidinarum I, I, Plate 27.

In his Folia Orchidacea Pleurothallis, Lindley equated his Specklinia ciliaris
with Knowles & Westcott’s Pleurothallis ents The type-specimen of P. villosa
is apparently nonextant, but the published, explicit description in the Floral Cabinet
certainly applies to what is commonly he today as P. hirsuta Ames. Reasons
for earlier interpretations by different authors are difficult to comprehend. They
may be simply first or borrowed impressions that were never again.

22 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx omen pak Luer, onary 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 7.,8.
Bas.: Pleurothal. presente nz nse 3:9.
Ety.: From the Latin dependens, “ et to the habit.

Syn.: Pleurothallis flexibilis wb & Ving, i Phytologia 49: 205, 1981.
Ety.: From the Latin flexibilis, “flexible,” in reference to the weak, flexible ramicauls.

Syn.: Trichosalpinx flexibilis (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, Phytologia 54: 395, 1983.

We et : . . NEI : . ‘ose, a * a oe

Ramicaul jent, slender, 1 , 3-15 cm apaley enclosed by 5-13 lep-

anthiform sheaths with long, oblique, dilated, ciliate ostia. _Leaf suberect or pendent, coriaceous, ellipti-

cal to narrowly lliptical, acute. edmwemak 1-2.7 cm wi t into a petiole 1-3 mm long.
d, distic : ly oe to several-fl >, 1-3 cm ‘gad

ge rt ec 052 long, from near the apex of th i ul, fl 1-2

long; pedicels 1.9 m: 175 1 1 ey eee POS ate, fleshy, espe-

Aal ir oe 1
a

fp , obtuse, 2 25-5 mm hay 15-21 mm wide, 3-veined, the
Lidios aenus bout the middle; , obtuse 2.25-5 mm long, 2-4
mm wide expanded, 4-veined, forming a mentum with the column-foot; petals translucent, ciliate-
denticulate, elliptical-oblong, subacute or obtuse, 1-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, 1- -veined; lip dark brown
or purple, ciliate to long-ciliate, oblong to obovate or pyriform, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, en
rounded, the sides thin thin, slightly incurved below the middle, the disc with a low, rounded call

, the base with ] delicately hinged rae
tothe column-foot; column stout, 1.5 mm fone, wil esd nares ren bemtaaerga dew, bidentate at
the apex, the anther and and the stigma ventral, the foot thick, 0.5 mm mm long.

ECUADOR: Prov. of ne ae epiphytic on | lower slopes « “3 ee som Tungurahua, alt. ca. 2000 m,

renner C. Luer illustr. 250. Prov. of Sucum-
bios: between La Bonita and it Florida, alt. 1400 m, 8. pei S. Ingram & K. Ferrell- Ingram
2144 (MO). Prov. of Morona-Santiago north of 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm

Cutuci, een and Morona, alt. 950 m, 17 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup, A.
Hirtz & S. Ortega 13970, 14001 (MO). Prov. of Napo: south ivati

of i vation
rye 1976, C. Luer,G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 1278 (SEL); Reventador, alt. 1600 m, 5 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz

: A. Hirtz, W. ) :
1000 ie Nov. 1988, A. Hirtz 3926 (MO); northeast of El Chaco, alt. 1900 m, 15 Feb, 1990, S. Dalstrém
yo : peed pre et Neopes Peas ‘ona and Coca, alt. 1000 m, 17 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrém & L.
yja: cen Cariamanga and Amalu: alt. 2500 20 1984, C.
afi sera apd gee Ch on so gc pil
tz, W. Flores, A. pire & W. Bion ague
. Jesup, A. Jesup
oc . an. 1989, S. Dalstrém & T. Hoijer 1196 (MO).
esas an. 1883, E. André 508
ci near foie Ruiz, alt. ork m, flowered j in Miinchen by W. K6niger, 30 Aug. 2 gare: Luer 10430
vat Dept. of Cuzco: Umbamba, eee » among rocks, alt. 2040 m, 16 err ek ee, Vargas

east of Mayaicu,
13499 eee new road

as P. ciliaris.

eg 1200-1800 m, 14 July ro Var 5207 (AMES Dept. in: Tarma.
: asor ines, co Yee as . Bement 027 >. of Junin: T: ie oie Santa
1981, C. Laer. J Luer & R. Vasquez 5639 Glan of Pfeil: chee ott ge tpbear ves,
pre take = ipuani, ed Aug. 1991, flowered in Quito, Ecuador, A. A. Hires $aDs
1. Slona or Yong oes nore Caray 1550 m, 26 Jan, 1 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. V Vasquez,

: Mulde, é Luer,

sage Vaasa 15393 (Mo).” (MO); same area, alt. 1500 m, 31 Aug. 1991, C. , A.

COLOMBIA Dept. ia: Frontino, alt. 1800 m, Oct. 1891,
F.C. Lehmann 7055 (A
te hrm Witt an a and Lupis, alt. | 1500-2000 m, July 1891, F.C. nbwanaty SS
Dept. of Cauca: Popayan, alt. 1600-1800 m, F.C. Lehmann B.T. 167, 246, 248 (AMES, i.

iq
q
4

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 23

W). Dept. of Norte de Santander: at Sardinata, alt. 1750 m, 7 May 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Esco-

bar & E. Valencia 7767 (SEL).

ws = Mérida: near Quebrada Los Gonzalez, alt. ca. 1600 m, Oct. 1966, G.C.K. Dunster-
ille 23

Ss. iil, Crique Cochon, 31 Aug. 1986, M. Freiberg 103 (B).

Trichosalpinx dependens, treated as a species-complex, is frequent and variable
in its wide distribution through the Andes from the Guyanas through Venezuela and
the Andes into central Bolivia. It is common on the eastern slopes of Ecuador,
usually growing between 1000 and 2500 meters above sea level. It seems to be the
austral counterpart of the Central American complex T. blaisdellii.

Most plants of T. dependens are pendent with the ramicauls more or less flexu-
ous with conspicuous, elongated apices of distichous, lepanthiform sheaths, similar
to those of the pendent T. berlineri. Some forms with shorter ramicauls grow more
or less erect, especially in drier or more exposed habitats. The leaves vary in size
and shape. The racemes are congested, distichous and much shorter than the leaf.
Some flowers are very small with sepals barely over two millimeters in length,
while others reach five millimeters.

Typically, the lateral sepals are partially connate and connivent into a concave
synsepal (Fig. 7.) as seen in T. memor, but often the cavity is incomplete with more
or less erect lateral sepals (Fig. 8.) that are thicker toward the apices. The petals are
small and membranous with ciliate apices. The lip is ciliate and more or less
oblong with the apex rounded. A low, rounded callus is at the base, flanked by a
comparatively large pair of diverging lobules. The column is winged and bidentate
at the apex, not fringed.

A similar, closely allied, sympatric taxon, T. patula, differs with more gaping
flowers with decurved lateral sepals. It grades into the forms of T. dependens with
less complete, concave synsepals. Distinction between the two taxa is often uncer-
tain. A typical form of T. dependens illustrated in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated
as well as in the Field Guide (Dunsterville & Garay, 1979) is identified as Pleuro-
thallis memor. A typical form of T. patula is identified as the Central American P.
blaisdellii. An illustration of P. memor is identified as the Central American P.
ciliaris. Most specimens cited from Peru as P. ciliaris are referable to either T.
dependens or T. memor.

Trichosalpinx egleri (Pabst) a Sk aig 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 9.
Bas.: Pleurothallis egleri Pabst, XIV Congr. Soc. Bot. Bras. 14, 1964.
Ety.: Named in honor of Walter ioe former director of the Goeldi Museum, Belem, who discov-
ered this species.
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, a ties mage ba ee aga pace! 2-5
cm long, ee by 5-8 minutely ciliate, i gem . Leaf ere — riaceous, ess
ed wi le , elliptical, acut Pew acine: toca wide, cun <e eapieatr
3-5 mm er Inflorescence a congested, duties. successively icine raceme, pm to lcm
near the ape:

3.5-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, esa em the tered, sepals appro: and recurved, connate to the
middle or above into a an ovate, ae obtuse lamina, 3. 54mm | mm long, 2 2 mm wide, 4-veined together,

mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, aad ‘ip dark peter yellow toward the se ciliate, oblong, obtuse to
vercmtoeergeh nat i a 0.9-1 mm wide, the disc with a low, longitudinal callus, ending in a
above the base, the db

column-foot, aan white, stout, 2 mm long, with the apex irregularly denticulate, ‘the anther and the
stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 mm long.

24 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
BRAZIL: Edo Para: Alto Topojés, Rio Cururu, 15 Feb. 1960, W. Egler & Raimundo 1350 (Holotype:

BOLIVIA: Dept. of Cochabamba: epiphytic in seasonally dry forest at Bulo-bulo, alt. 300 m, west of
Yapacani in the dept. of Santa Cruz, 22 Aug. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 15342A (MO).
PERU: Dept. of Pasco: Pasco, 30 km SW of Puerto Bermudez, alt. ca. 600 m, collected by S. Castro, D.
Bennett 4749 (MO) C. Luer illustr. 16631.

CH GUYANA: epiphytic in tall rain forest, Piste St. Elie, alt. 100 m, 13 May 1986, C. Luer, J.
Luer & D. Barthelemy 12240 (MO
GUYANA: Hood Road at Barima River, 26 Feb. - 11 Aug. 1896, E. im Thurn 115B (K); Essequibo
River, Moraballi Creek near Bartica, near sea level, 6 Oct. 1929, N. Y. Sandwith 384 (K); Savannah
Briole, G. R. M. Pollard 68 ; Demirara, flowered in cultivation at Kew, June 1864, May 1872 Drake
s.n. (K); Kaiteur Falls, 14 May 1944, M. Maquire & D.B. Fanshawe 23445 (AMES, K); Kanuku Mts.,
alt. 960 m, 11 Nov. 1887, M. J. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 858 @).
SURINAME: ibo, Mar. 1845, Regel (W). Without locality, collected by C. H. Dodson and J.
Blaser, Dec. 1975, flowered in cultivat; at 30 Jan. 1976, C. Luer 010 (SEL).
VEN : Edo. Bolivar: Sierra Imataca, Rio Toro between Rio La Reforma and Puerto Rico north
of El Palmar, alt. 200-250 m, 14 Dec. 1960, J. A. k 88072
GRENADA: without locality, May 1890-91, R. V. Sherring s.n. (BR); 14 Jan. 1891, R. V. Sherring
286 (K); 30 Mar. 1897, W.E. Broadway 1495 (BR); Mirabeau Mts., St. Davids’, 1 May 1906, W. E.
Broadway 5082 (BR): Annandale, St. George’s, W.E. Broadway s.n. (AMES); Azimar Mts., 18 Nov.
somes E. Broadway s.n. (AMES); woods south of Grand Etang, 24 Feb. 1950, R. A. Howard 10679

Knowl. & West., both of which occur in northern Central America and Mexico.
piseakary egleri most Closely resembles the common and variable T. blaisdellii
entral i

: Trichosalpinx egleri is distinguished by the erect, strict, ramicauls with acute,

Cal leaves and short, Congested, distichous racemes often produced from twice

to thrice longer, slender, erect peduncles. The sepals are glabrous; the petals are

triangular and acute; and the lip, nearly as long as the sepals, is oblong and ciliate
with a low, longitudinal callus ending in a subconical Callus at the base

Trichosalpinx glabra D.E.B i Sialic :
niece, jon ahegs ennett & Christenson, Brittonia 46: 256, 1994, Fig. 10.

é' >” in reference to the lip
a Plant medium size, epiphytic, caespitose: » Foots slender. Ramicauls stout, slightly flexuous, to 5-6
long, enclosed by 5-6 ‘om sheaths with oblique, di jate ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous
elliptical, acute 4-8 cm long, 1.4. cm wide, cuneate below into

a short Petiole. Inflorescence an ¢
: including the filiform peduncle ca. 1 cm long,
Oblong ae iit, fleshy above the middle the dene eons Ssecealih, congo

successive] -f raceme. esti
femae ee ue, ©stimated 1 cm long,

of diverging lobul a base to near the apex i i
with broed, angled wings rhe the uae “wo to the column-foot; poh aden Pact a
foot thick, ] long. * 3 the apex, the anther and the stigma ventral, the

PERU: Dept. of Junin: Tarma, Caserio Sents Dice if te
1992, 0. del Castillo ex Bennie Sant Glavgea tan Mi of Huasshuasi,altitade unknown, 28 Nov.

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 25

This species is closely allied to the T. dependens-complex, but is distinguished
by the glabrous lip. Apparently it is endemic in central Peru where it is known from
only the original collection. It is characterized by a stout, slightly flexuous ramicaul
with conspicuous, long-ciliate sheaths, and an elliptical leaf. The flowers are
produced successively in a fascicle of short peduncles. In common with many other
species the sepals are thickened above the middle. The lateral sepals are connate
into a shallow synsepal that forms a mentum with the column-foot. The petals are
ciliate-fimbriate. The lip is subpandurate with a broadly rounded apex, narrowed in
the basal third, and with diverging basal lobules. The disc bears a low, longitudinal
callus.

i inx i inquisiviénsis | gor & linge ar Luer, ronclogs 54: 395, “_*
Bas.: Pleurothallis i inquisiviénsis Lue & Vasque logia 49: 208, 1

i sea ul species was -

ts slender. Ramicauls slender, erect to suberect,

Pe beet 4-10 cm long, otes by 5-9 pesberie sheaths with broadly dilated, oblique, ciliate

ostia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused and veined in a age elliptical, obtuse, 3.5-5 cm long,
1.8-2.8 cm wide, contracted below i into a petiole - 5-6 mm . Inflorescence a congested, successively
1- aad te es acces i peduncle 5 m long, f

ide of the leaf, fro 4 }- #1 lk

L. 5-2 mm long; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm long; covets chor ciliate, fleshy, the d dorsal
pa Ene ovate, subacute, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined
into a broadly ovate, concave, obtuse, bifid lamina, 4 mm long, 3.25 mm wide, a ig iy

ciliate at the the subacute a apex, 1.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow pain mune long-
ciliate above the middle, obovate, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, with the apex rounded, the disc with a low,
, disapp zg f the lip, th with a pair of lobules,
the col foot; column white, stout, 2mm long, with the apex denticu-
a i ad Gc date eee mm long.

LIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Inquisivi, epiphytic in cloud forest between Inquisivi and Cirquata, alt. 2550
283 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5805 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is apparently endemic at a relatively high altitude in northern Boli-
via. It is within the T. dependens-complex, but it seems to differ sufficiently to
maintain recognition. It is distinguished by the broadly elliptical, purplish leaves
borne by relatively stout, straight ramicauls with conspicuously dilated apices of the
sheaths. A single, small, yellow flower is produced successively in short racemes at
the base of the backside of the leaf amid a fascicle of old, faded racemes. Similar to
T. dependens, the sepals are shortly ciliate; the apices of the short petals are long-
ciliate, and the apex of the obovate lip is also long-ciliate. A low callus at the base
disappears above the middle of the lip.

26 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx memor ees . ) rea inked nace 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 12.,13.,14.
Bas.: Pleurothallis memor R.
Ety.: From the iadetitdags ‘mindful, ee acti as es:
Syn.: Humboldt. (Rehb.f.) K » Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.
Syn.: Pleurothallis gnomonifera Ames, Sched. Orchid. 6: 61, 1923.
Ety.: From the Greek gnomon, “‘a sundial pointer,” and the Latin -fer, “bearing,”’ in allusion to
callus of the lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis brevis Schltr. , Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 183, 1923.

Ety.: From the Latin brevis, “short,” referring to vaste

Syn.: Pleurothalli: la Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orchid. 10: 32, 1930,

Ety.: From the Latin mites ith mall pea" referring to the size of the petals.

Syn.: Trichosalpi & C.Schweinf.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 396, 1983.

yn.: Trichosalpinx ekielliee isk A., Orquidea (Mex.) 10:259, 1987.

mg Nancie kane Onn Nagel, well-kn: ‘own collector of Mexican orchids.

Syn.: Trichosalpinx gree nwoodiana Soto. Soto, Orquidea (Mex.) 10: 257, 1987.

Ety.: Named in honor of Evan W. Greenwood, investigator of the orchids of Mexico.

nt small to large in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender to relatively
stout, erect, 2-12 cm long, enclosed by 4-10 lepanthiform sheaths with broadly dilated, oblique, ciliate
ostia. Leaf erect, cori oriaceous, more or less suffused in e beneath, sometimes convex, broadly to
i subacute

1-3 cm long, including peduncle ca. 1 cm long, borne behind the leaf, from near the of
the crap Sorel bracts 1. 5-2. 5 ) mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary glabrous to minutely

ciliate, fleshy inlocats: or yellow, more le afd vith pus eva pl nae 56
mm long, 1.75-3 mm wide, 3-veined, m sepals
connate to near the middle into a broadly ovate ate, more or less saccate, obtuse, es has ae oe
mm long, 2-4.5 mm wide, 4-veined together ether, forming a a mentum with the column-foot:

more obtuse

ee t; column ica 23 mm long, broadly winged abov
h tl margin between the teeth densely long-
ciliate-fimbriate,t “a ae we se ih he ia marin 1 mm long. ee

o

COLOMBIA?: iene go ee Bina in the Hamburg Botanical Garden by

vane Edo. Boliv. i may AMES
Mactan 1660 m, 12 Sant ebee 81

Rio Venamo, st. 950-1000 10 Jan. 1964, J. cereals le 92927 | ‘

Rio Cuyuni south of of El Dorado, alt. 1300

1974, ry Steyermark et al. 10927, ;
Gran Sabana, north Kavana’ ' 5
; yen, alt. 1250 20 Feb. 1978, J Steyermari
V. Espinosa & G.C_K Dunsterville 115513 (MO i 4
oie tere (MO); Piar, zo alt. 1500 m,

300 m, 18 May 1 Wiz Lamers
Cerro Marahuaca, alt. 1225 m, 19 ( VEN); Atabapo,
1988, R. Lscner tos, 25 m9 Fe 1985, R. Liesner 17693 693 (MO); same area, alt. 1000-1200 m, Oct.
ECUADOR: Prov. of Carchi: : between Maldonado and
1
Law Hirtz, X. yrs son sme tet (MO). Prov. a 400 m, raha 1991, + Lane, J.
000 m, 5 C. Luer, J J. Luer & A. Hirtz 1266, {0

mt OO ler La ey ge Crepe s08 0) bee ka
(AMES), } ere foe ae ee al. 612 (SEL); sam area, alt. 750 m, 14 Dec. 1976, E. W. Davis 339
aa ba : Cordillera del C eal 1100m, 18 18 Now. 1984, A, Hirt 2117 7 (MO). Prov. of Zamora
W. Flores, A. Andreetia & W. Teague 13475 en pale, 1300 m, 19 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz,

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 27

PERU: Dept. of anta Blanca, alt. 1450 m, between La Merced and Puente
Colorado, date not known, D. Bennett & A. rae 4755A (USM).
BOLIVIA: Dept. of Cochabamba: Chapare, vicinity of Villa Tunari, collected by F. Fuchs et al., flow-
ered in cultivation 4 July 1974, . Luer 612A (SEL).
PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqui: Cerro Norquita, alt. 5000-6000 ft., C. W. Powell 311 (holotype of P.
gnomonifera: AMES): Cerro Punta: toward headwaters of Rio Caldera, alt. 2250-2500 m, P. Allen 1466
(AMES); Cerro Homito, 16 Dec. 1976, C. Luer, R. Dressler et al. nae 2 SEL) east ihe a site,
spb eonegiten fe pide lla lretche Isom, R. Dressler & K. 326 (MO). Prov.
Llano-Carti road, 3 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. eee R. Dressler & P. sie 1075 (SEL); aia me a ai
850-900 m, 22 Nov. 1980, K. Sytsma agg neem! 5 (MO).
COSTA RICA: Without locality, A. Endres 44 (W); Oct. 1923, flowered in cultivation at Kew 18 Feb
1924, C. H. Lankester s.n.(AMES). Prov. prions Bosque de Laguna, alt. 1190 m, 7 Nov. 1922, A.
M. Brenes (102)432 (holotype of P. minutipetala: AMES; isotype: CR); Quebrada Volio north of Balsa,
alt. ca. 700-800 m, 29 Aug. 1979, As D. Stevens 13901 (MO); same area, alt. ca. 1050-1150 m, 10 wi
1979, W. D. Stevens 14252 (MO). Prov. v. of Cartago: near Cartage, alt. 1. 1450 m, Apr. 1922, A. M.B

d , drawi

276 (h t B, or eee

in pas ¢ Santa Elena, alt. Wea te: Wek Coa, Luer, J. Atwood & W. Rhodehamel
17428 yori rr. of Heredia: Cerro Zurqui, alt. 1600 m, 13 Sept. 1978, C. Todzia 444 (CR); Vara
lanca, collected 1979, flowered in cultiv. ene deka pe necting yey. Samay tectem mig
Aug. 1982, C. Todzia & R. Moran 2065 pr bse Rio Guacimo, alt. ca. m, 15 Jan. 1983, I.
A. Chacon 97 (CR). Prov. of Puntarenas: NE ta Elena, alt. 1550 m, 20 Nov. gm W. Haber & W.
Zuchowski 8824 (MO). Prov. of San José: cael in forest above San Cristobal, alt. 1900 m, 22 Sept.
1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, K. Walter 4293 (SEL); Parqué Nacional Baurilio Carillo, between Station Zurqui
and Tajo Santa Cecilia, alt. 1750 m, 29 Oct. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Farrell 646 (CR, MO, SEL, USJ).
NICARAGUA: Dept. of Matagalpa: north of Finca Hamonia, alt. 1260 m, A. Heller 3337 (SEL).
GUATEMALA: Without locality, 1996, a, and cultivated by M. Béhar s.n. (MO).
MEXICO: Edo. Chiapas: Cerro Tres Picos rth of Tonolé, alt. ca. 2150 m, flowered in cultivation, 20
ean a — Arenas, ” Martinez & A. jrsnbe 2763 (holotype of T. greenwoodiana: AMO). Edo.
ca. 1900 m, 7 July 1984, M. A. Soto, J. Meave, L. M. Calvo & H. Paz 3075
parse of T. T. nageliana: "AMO: isotype: MO). Edo. Veracruz: McDiarmid s.n. (SEL). Without locality,
peo ame Bussey, cultivated by J & = rn Easton, CT, C. Luer 18497 (MO).
pit A: Annandale, St. George’s Mts., W. E. Broadway s.n. (AMES); Azimar Mts. 18 Nov. 1905,
Broadway s.n. (AMES): woods south e the Grand fe. 24 Feb.-6 Mar. 1950, R. A. Howard
ae (AMES
A: Prov. of Las Villas: Lomas de Trinidad, Topes de Collantes, 1951, W. O. 18319 (AMES).

In common with some other taxa of this subgenus, this frequent species is vari-
able with some local populations eisai" distinct, in wheat they are compared to
all the others, the distinctive characters a d in the other populations.
Trichosalpinx memor is treated here as a species-complex widely distributed in
Central America from Mexico through Panama and much of the Andes. Although
the flowers vary little morphologically except for size, the taxon is especially vari-
able vegetatively, and no doubt some subspecific taxa are being included. An
attempt was made to recognize some taxa at the specific level, but too many inter-
mediate variations exist.

A particularly large form described as P. minutipetala (Fig. 13.) and known
from Costa Rica and western Panama, reaches 18 centimeters in height, has narrow-
ly elliptical leaves, and sepals up to six millimeters long. Much smaller forms less
than five or 10 centimeters tall, often with broader leaves, and sepals three milli-
meters long are most often encountered. Except for size, there are no significant
differences. Giant clones are not rare in the pleurothallidinae. The plant descril
as T. greenwoodiana appears to be the usual form seen in Central America. The
form described as T. nageliana (Fig. 14.) appears to be a small, vegetative form as
seen in Costa Rican T. brevis and with glabrous, but ciliated, sepals as seen in some
collections from the Andes. Other Mexican collections are often vegetatively larger
than those of the latter two collections.

28 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The leaves vary from narrowly to broadly elliptical, often convex, and the short,
congested, simultaneously few-flowered raceme is borne behind the leaf. Through-
out the distribution the flowers are easily recognized by the ciliate sepals usually
being microscopically pubescent to cellular externally. The dorsal sepal is typically
a little shorter than the lateral sepals, but not always. Together the lateral sepals
form a concave, nearly saccate synsepal.

The petals are small and translucent with minutely ciliate or lacerate Margins
toward the apex. The lip is oblong and variously ciliate with a minute pair of
membranous lobules at the base. Above the base an erect, pyramidal-like callus

Bas.: Pleurothallis navarrensis » Sched. Orchid. 9: 34, 1925,

Btw: Named &

Trichosalpinx navarrensis (Ames) D.Retana & J Garcia, Brenesia 37: 125, 1992.
Ames, S 1925. Fig. 15.

Plant small, epiphytic, shortly repent, rhizome 2-5 ik ssh Mie: Tamicauls; roots coarse.
diated clout more or less decumbent, 3-5 mm long, enclosed on 2 lepanthiform sheaths with broadly
dilated, oblique, ciliate ostia. Leaf Coriaceous, -bronze, suffused with purple
preside ese acute, subacute to obtuse, 10-12 mm long, 5.5-6.5 mm wide, cuneate below into the
subpeti ' g I cessively, pe:
Purple, pee he ramicanl; floral bracts ca. 2mm long: pediccle Cero
purple, pubescent, ciliate, fleshy, the dorsal sepal ovate, subacute, 3.25
fouminy, ne lateral sepals free to near the base, ovate, subeee A 5 ined,
forming « mentum with the column coe Petals translucent, narrowly elliptical, acute, ciliats, 2.25 mm
disc with low. ; aoe :

» disappearing near

fant

stout, 2 mm long, broadly winged above the midcile with the api sieride feito i Se
stigma ventral, the foot thick, I mm long, ; ‘i eeaeeiebeas
COSTA RICA: Prov. of Cartago: El Mujieco south of Nay.
; ; 4 ‘arro, alt. ca. 1400 m, 8 Feb. 1924, P. C.
Standley 33888 Holotype: AMES :U % same collection data, P. C, Standley 33865 (AMES),

. petals
~pubescent and base is bilo-

mig, "OWA cal ate basa lonitinal ene as bilo

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 29

Trichosalpinx orbicularis (Lindl.) Luer, Pebe beige 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 16.
Bas.: Specklinia orbicularis Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 24: misc. 31, 1838.
Ety.: From the Latin orbicularis, * ‘orbicular,” ee. the suborbicular
Syn.: Pleurothallis orbicularis (Lindl.) Lindl, Edwards’ Bot. Reg, 28: misc. 79, 1842.
Syn.: Pleurothallis biflora H.Focke, Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. 2: 197, 1849.
Ety.: From the Latin biflorus, “‘with two flowers,” referring to to the few-flowe: red i
Syn.: Lepanthes orbiculata Lindl. ex Rchb.f., Xenia Orchid. 1: "152, 1856.
Syn.: LBS — —_— oe Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.

— Syn.:Hi Idti Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.
Syn.: Pisetctiale wackihecs Lehm. & Krinzl, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 444, 1899.
Ety.: From the Greek trachytheca, “a shaggy cover,” referring to the lepanthiform sheaths.
Syn.: 1 acon lis lancer Sh. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 48, 1924.
Ety.: From the Latin lancifer, “ crohertepgett st7 Pree rete
Syn.: Seer oxychilos Camevali &
aa roy Pada TS Ce OR “poe "eforing othe abelam

Ramicauls comparatively sic

erect, 2-8 cm long, « enclosed by 2-5 — ciliate, lepanthiform orm sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous
dly elliptical-ovate, subacute to obtuse, 1.5-3. cm
long, 1-2 cm wide, abruptly con contracted b below into a petiole ca. | mm long. Inflorescence a congested,

more or less secund, si simultaneously few flowered raceme, » Ca. 1 cm long, including the filiform peduncle
ca. 0.5 cm lon J bracts 1-1.5

pedicels 0.5- Yr mm long; ovary 0. 5-1 mm ca Ase joys erhaee: with purple below the middle,
fleshy, esp y vate,

acute, sometimes acuminate, 3.5-7.5 ‘mm long, 1-2 mm wide, and. the lateral ne near
the middle into an ovate, concave, bifid Jamina, | 3.3 5-8 mm long, | Ls 5- 3 mm n wide, — eaely 6-

Ss acu-

ELI@ALUMGELL wy aus
o

i into terete tails; petal lucent, oblong t t a of Penns ecw.
1-veined, t btu te to fimbri is bak ieee, le, ciliate below the middle to
aaa et fimbriate above, hesonty taveents, acute, 2.5-4 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, the disc
with alow, central 1k 2: the middle, the base with a pair of minute

lobules te, suffused with purple, stout, 2mm
eng ot igs ih be sexsi Sent Ship bapar eee rry tral, the foot
thick, 1 mm

GUYANA: Demerara, imported by Messrs. Loddiges, March 1830, Loddiges s.n. (Holotype: K); Ara-
wan, 1898, E. F. im Thurn 91 (AMES, K); Inalope falls, Cuyuni River, Oct. Oct. 1904, A. W. y. Bartlet 8398
(AMES, K); samc River, Morabelli Creek, near sea level, 30 Aug. 1929, N. Y. Sandwith I IS7

K 1 Oct. 1945, Forest Dept. B.G. 5324 (K); Takutu Creek to Puruni River, 3 Dec.

"ANA: Forest near Mariepaston, May 1846, Kegel 1352 (W); Atachi Basea-Berge, alt.
380-500 m, 10 Dec. 1959, Leuenberger & Hagemann s.n. (HBG); epiphytic in tall fo rest, Montagne de
12 May 1986, C. Luer = 7 12226 «, MO); forest near Cacao south of Cayenne,

alt. 100 m, 14 May 1986, C. Luer & J. 9 (MO

. SURINAME: Paramaribo, 3 Jan. 1845, H. eS Focke 67 (W); near Berlijn, H. C. Focke s.n. (holotype of

P. biflora: W).
BRAZIL: Edo. Sag orp MERE rine alt. 100 m, collected and cultivated by V. Paiva Castro in

Sao Paulo, 24 Nov. 1989, C. Luer 14471 (MO).

TRINIDAD: 1845, o Bond bass: (K); Mora Forest, 26 June 1925, W. E. Broadway s.n. (AMES);

Blanchisause Road, 30 Jan. 1925, W. E. Broadway s.n. (K); St. Ann’s, 7 Oct. 12, W. E. Broadway 4116

(K); without locality, fers 1880, A. Fendler 789 (K).

VENEZUELA: Edo. Bolivar: Alto Rio Cuyuni, Cerro Escalera, alt. 350 m, 17 Aug. 1962, J. A. .

mark, B. & C. Maguire 46768 (AMES); Cerro Uroi, Rio Chicauan, 12 Sept. 1962, J. A. Steyermark, B. &

C. Maguire 53755 (AMES), Guatopo, June, 1 1957, alt. 2000. G. C.K. Dunsterille 125; Savannah NE

of Pauji, alt. 830-900 m, 5 Nov. 1985, R. L. Liesner 19500 (MO, V)

Terr. Fed. Amazonas: IVIC study site, alt. 120 m, 3 Dec. 1977, R. Liesner 4144 (MO , VEN); same

17 May 1979, R. L. Liesner 7507 (MO, VEN); Rio Negro, Cerro de La Neblina, alt. 780 m, 15-18 rth

1984, R. Liesner 16681 (MO); Atures, east of Rio Coro-Coro, near Yutaje, alt. 600 m, 25 Feb. 1987, R.

Liesner & B. Holst 21391 (MO, VEN).

30 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

LO Antioquia: Rio Caldera, collected by E. Valencia, flowered at Colomborquideas,
16 May 1993, C 6908 (MO); Alejandra, La Plata, collected : wered at Colombor-
quideas, 19 May 1993, C. Luer 16909 of Chocd: Corcovado region, ridge along Ye:

i 27 i
ca. 100 m, 18 Jan. 1974, A. Gentry 9335 (MO); Carmen de Atrato, collected by E. Valencia, flowered at
Colomborquideas, 19 May 1993, C. Luer 16910 (MO); Bahia Solano, without positive collection data,
flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 11 May 1985, C. Luer 11334 (MO). Dept. of
near Mocoa, alt. 530 m, June 1921, W. Hopp 67 (holotype of P. lancifera presumably destroyed at B);
Latagua, collected by J. Aguirre, flowered at Colomborquideas, 19 May 1993, C. Luer 16904 (MO).
i Valencia, flowered at Colomborquideas, 19 May 1993,

: Ae ‘ epiphytic in forest near San Vicente, alt ca. 300 m, Nov. 1976, C. Luer &
H. Butcher 1246 (SEL); between Gualaca and Fortuna dam site, alt. 1260 m, 10 Apr. 1980, T. B. Croat
50052 (MO). Prov. of Coclé: vicinity of El Valle de Antén, alt. 600-1000 m, P. Allen 1242, 1676, 2206,
2259 (AMES); same area, alt. 900 m, 17 May 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 11394
(MO). Prov. of Herrera: above Chepo de las Minas, alt. 700 m, 19 Dec. 1977, J. P. Folsom, R.B.
Channe: . (O).Prov. of A: Carti 600 m, 3 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J.
Luer,R. Dressler & P. sat (SEL); Certo Jefe, alt. ca. 1000 m, Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.

r »EL); flowered in cultivation 30 Dec. 1980, C. Luer 5604 (SEL).

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Limé6n: Talamanca, Bratsi. Amburi, Alto Lari, Rio Lari, alt. 300 m, 25 Feb.
1992, G. Herrera 5058 (CR, MO). Prov. of San José: P. é Naci raulio Carillo, along Sendero
La oe alt. 750 m, 5 Jan 1991, S. Ingram & K. Farrell 838 (CR, MO, SEL). Without locality, A

ECUADOR: P os’ Rexsaca la

gnated: K; isolectotypes: AMES. NY).
E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 14315 (AMES, MO).

Cre ia in th Planes, near La Concepcion, 11 Sept. 1879, F.C.
Fp (W); wet forest west of Lita, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer, C. Dodson & A.
irtz 12372, 1239] (MO); Fila de Bilsa, SE of El Salto between Atacames and Muisne, alt. 280 m, 30
Jan. het ee Gentry, R. Foster & C. Josse 72988, 72767 (MO). Prov. of Imbabura: Los

- of Sucumbios: Imuya Cocha along Rio lar
Pan, Dadson, P.M. Dodson & G. Romero 18915 (MO). ? ateoroets, alt. 200 m, 20 Oct. 1991,
FRU: Dept. of Loreto: along Rio Aguaytia, 3 Oct. 1972, T: B. Croat 21013 (Mo).

Trichosalpinx orbicularis treated as a
distributed across

’ mn a Variation. Vegetatively, T. rot data i
wan — a large, coi with orbicular, nvex ay ia of ie
‘from the eastern part o the di i Nceeal
elinscal eave ong ae hadpeeser across northern South America have
A crude illustration of this species at K included i lave ; f
an illustration of Lepanthes jamesonii cee ktm ed wal -

meee bed both Z. Jamesonii and L. orbiculata in his X enia

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 31

Leg oramn eee patula Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 17.
From the Latin patulus, “‘open, gaping,”’ in reference to the flowers.

Species baer > ie cc : 1 "7 1:1. a . y P 1 for.
bus distinguitur.
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose, more or less pendent to roots slender.
R t, slender, 5-15 cm long, parva by 5-12 ni
anthiform sheaths with long, oblique ue, dilated, ciliate ostia. Leaf suberect or pendent, coriaceous,
po talented peetund pes 4-10 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, ecparan ph ciaamd ¢ ace) tan ae
2-4. cm

ichous 1 y long,
including the e filiform pedun -2 cm long, fi 1; floral bracts 2-2.5 mm
long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm a a 1. 5-2 mm ae spa tan, yen suffused with eae or purple,
sparsely ciliate, fleshy, esp » narrowly obtuse, 4-7 mm
long, 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, th lat 1 b idd bifid, recurv-

ing lamina with subacute apices, 3.5-5. 5 mm en 2.5-4 mm wide vases 4-veined, forming a
mentum with the column-f ranslu ciliate-denticulate, ical-blong to © triangular, acute

or obtuse, 2-3 my nt 0.75-1.25 mm wide, 1 d; lip dark b r purple, ciliate to long-ciliate
oblong, 2-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, with the apex rounded, the sides thin, slightly incurved below the
middle, the disc with a low, obtuse | callu us above the base, the base with a gs ere pene ely large,
2.50 om slong, with
1, the foot

ratio g

ack, 0.5m mm ae

4 ee tea ia eeh th eh

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt.
2250 m, 22 ry 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13595 (MO), same area,
922, C. Luer, . Hirt.

Loja: above Vilcabamba, alt. 1650 m, 10 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. D’ Alessandro 6136 (SEL);
VENEZUELA: Edo. Bolivar: base of Cerro Paraucaipa, near Auyantepui, alt. ca. 400 m, Aug. 1970,
G.C.K. Dunsterville =o

BOLIVIA: Dept. of Santa Cruz: moist forest south of Yapacani, alt. 650 m, 7 Sept. 1991, C. Luer, J.
Luer, L. Moreno & D. “Rie 15400 (MO).

This species is a closely allied member of the frequent T. eixiinas cote,
and it occurs wholly within the distribution of the latter. Although vegetatively
very similar, most plants of T. patula are a little larger with stouter ramicauls and
narrower leaves. The average size of the gaping flowers is a little larger. The later-
al sepals are similarly connate below the middle, but they are recurv urved above the
middle without forming a concave synsepal, the only distinctive difference.
Morphologically similar, the average size of the sepals, petals and lips of T. patula
is a little larger. Intermediate specimens are frequent. No doubt some collections
attributed above to T. dependens could be attributed to T. patula. Superficially, T.
patula appears most similar to the Central American T. blaisdellii. The most dis-
tinct difference lies in the pair of basal labellar lobules. Those of T. oe as well
as those of T. dependens are relatively large and obliquely spreading fro
angles. Those of T. blaisdellii are small, membranous, and directed Saiaee
The column of T. patula is winged above the middle and the apex is simply biden-
tate, not minutely denticulate or fringed as in T. blaisdellit. Trichosalpinx patula
was identified as the T. blaisdellii in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated.

Trichosalpinx pringlei (Schitr.) a. bi many 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 18.
Bas.: Pleurothallis pringlei Schltr., Repe ov. Regni Veg. 3: 20, 1906.
Ety.: Named in honor of Cyrus G. ete Lae ao oe who discovered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, repent; rhizome comparatively st stout, 5-25 mm long between ramicauls, roots
slender. Ramicauls ascending to erect, 10-20 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths.

32 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 15-40 mm long, 7-15 mm wide, cuneate below into
a petiole | mm long. Inflorese bd ively 1-fl d raceme, often with 3-5
flowers open simultaneously, up to 9 cm long, including the filiform peduncle ca. 1.5 cm long, bome
beyond the leaf, from the apex of tl icaul; floral -5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long;

orsal sepal ovate,

ovary | I, L 1. sah enffuced uth rie

acute to subacute, 4-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral pal near into

an ovate, bifid lamina with acute apices, 4-5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, 4-veined together, forming a
ow mentum with the column-foot; petals translucent, oblong to ovate, 1.75 mm long, 0.4 mm wide,

serrulate; lip dark . w
terior lobe ovate, obtuse, with microscopically irregular margins, the lateral lobes below the middle,
erect, obtuse, oblique, with the anterior margins denticulate, the disc with a low, central longitudinal
callus from to near the middle, the base with a pair of minute lobules. delicately hinced I

to the column-foot; column white, stout, mm long, broadly winged above the middle, with the apex
irregularly d the anther and the stig l, the foot thick, 1 mm long.

MEXICO: Edo. Oaxaca: Sierra de San Filipe, epiphytic on oaks, alt. 2400-3000 m, 14 June 1894, G.C.
Pringle 4709 (Lectotype: MEXU; Isolectotypes: AMES, BM, HB, HBG, K, NY, US, W); Mt. San Fe-
lipe, “Ojo de Agua”, alt. 2400 m, 27 Mar. 1934, O. Nagel 3745 (AMES). Edo. Chiapas: Agua Catenan-

: ‘ eley i 4 Dec. 1959, R. Alva s.n. (AMES); SE of
Teopisca toward Comitan, alt. 2040 m, 11 Aug. 1975, G. Davidse & J. Davidse 951] (MO). Edo. Guer-
rero: near Omiltemi, alt. 6350 ft., 27 Oct. 1944, J. A. Sharp 4415705 (AMES). Without collection

ered in cultivation by W. Teague in San isco, CA, Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4104 (SEL).
GUATEMALA: Dept. of Quetzaltenango: Rio Samala below Zunil, alt. 2500 m, 24 Jan. 1940, J. A.
Steyermark 34969 (AMES). Sierra de las Minas, Finca San Vicente, alt. 2300 m, 1-4 Aug. 1971, F.
Hamer A-145 (MO). ‘

A the lip is three-lobed with the lobes below the middle, erect, obtuse and oblique
A minute pair of basal lobules flank the thin hinge to the column-foot.

Trichosalpinx psilantha (Luet & V: €z) Luer, sp. nov. i
, Sp. nov. Fig. 19.
Env Prose the Greck psilantha, ‘‘a ri rae slicing to the glabrous flowers, r
Species hace T. inquisiviénsis (Luer & Vasquez) Luer si ilis, sed sepalis glabris, petalis spathulatis

; broadly dilated, oblique, ciliate Leaf
Stoel noapic emlg ST wie
recéns tol : : 4 congested, successively
bin often a ekrp, the peduncle 5 mm long, produced successively in

x ghtly s
s narrowly obtuse, 2.5 long, 0.8 mm A e
the with a pair of lobul : 3 Wide, the disc
mm long, the apex bidenoas » delicately to the column

the
Petals translucent, .
late, 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide. |-vei ‘Ong-spathulate, the apex and denticu-
: de, veined; lip yellow-white, li : . .

northern Bolivia where it was discovered
Similar in

narrowly obtuse apex, » also glabrous, is very thin with a

EE SSS er ME a Mire teas WesTceeTTONe Gieey pe,

rs ae pee camer were

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 33

Trichosalpinx ringens Luer, Lindleyana 11: age aes 1996. Fig. 20.

Ety.: eee ed ee tygred ” referring to flower.

Plant ize it ts sh di maiden slender, erect, 5-9 cm long,
date coarsely lng lopeasbions she on. Leaf erect, Ee ovate, acute to
subacute, 28. 35 mm eg 15-20 mm into a petiole 1 mm . Inflorescence a
eS tae, borne infront ofthe base of the lel
4, = « ovary 2 mm long;
sepals pple row, es, sobeaiai, soroes the dona sepa aly cbowte, cies aun
3 mm wide, 3-veined, the 1 obovate synsepal with the
apex transversely obtuse, shallowly bifid, 5 mm long, 6 mm wide, 4-veined together; petals translucent,
oblong, elec or chop nr lem on x obtuse, ciliate; atc Wale dual oaehcinenie
thick, oblong pregame hens Apa Apreragtes

ly cleft

RN, ee GBI, bescent and I ddle third, the di
between a pair of erect, lamellate plates, and with a longitudinal lamell

column whit Pee aia tne tah bbapes fly dacicn
thence ker imlerE Temata Mpancs ip pees ee

PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqué: epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Colorado, alt. 1670 m, 15 Feb. 1985, C.
Luer, J. Luer, R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10539 (MO); Cerro Colorado, 50 km north of San Félix, alt.
at ei 1977, R. L. Dressler 5715 (MO).

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Cartago: above San Cristébal Norte, alt. 1780 m, 26 Mar. 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer,
J. Atwood, # yeaa K. Dressler & Dora Mora de Retana 17480 (MO).

This unusual species occurs infrequently in western Panamé and Costa Rica. It
is distinguished from all the other species by the coarsely long-ciliate, lepanthiform
sheaths, and flowers produced singly in a fascicle. The thick, narrow dorsal sepal
stands erect above the much shorter, transversely obovate synsepal. The ciliate
petals are three-veined (one-veined in all others). The lip also deviates from the
usual pattern by being deeply cleft between a pair of plates between erect, rounded,
ciliate and pubescent medial lobes. A longitudinal carina passes from the cleft to
the base which lacks the pair of lobules found in all the other species.

Bas.: Pleurothallis rotundata
Pt ror he Latin onda,” nul clea
Phytol gi 49: 213, 1981.
ee rom Latin prea, “witha li,” ing to th
f 1 . Phyt = gi SA- 206 , 1983.
it ts slender. Ramicauls comparatively
stout, eet 3 en ong pariaaeret nyo a pom mm sheaths. Leaf suberect to spreading or
above, purple beneath, convex, broadly elliptical to suborbicular, with
PARLE ARAMA YOK a 1.5-3.5 cm wide, abruptly cocoon nae poland ge ary
aun ong. Inflorescence a ested, simultaneously 2- to 3 flowered raceme, ca. 10 mm

t ah the 1

Trichosalpinx rotundata ee —— 2h Dressler, Novon 7: 124, 1997. Fig. 21.
Mus. Leafl. 4: 115, 1937.
eavi

ing the filiform peduncle 3-5 mm long,
rh 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; ovary | emai sepals yellow, suffused with aa
ig paren epee epee wpe: area narrowly ovate, acute, 5-7 mm long, 1.5 mm
org 3-veined, the lat £ the middle into an ovate, 5-8 mm long, 2-
2.5 mm wide, 4 d ther. th inate, thickened, linear.
to ovate, 2.5- 3-3 wee kag, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, 1 ceetanG, tho apes nvte, cline dnticlee lip
ly triangular, acute » 3-3.25 mm ara
ppg ag pA alow, 1 longitudinal callus from the base
with a pair of minute lobules, to the column-foot, column white, pe ewer
with purple, Tplonae georresnisesar deere pee rmeraaiee etord the anther and
the stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 long.

PANAMA: Coclé: mountains beyond La Pintada, alt. 400-600 m, 16 Feb. 1935, A. A. Hunter &
AE tha ssl eis AMES); North rim of El Valle de Antén, alt. 600-1000 m, 12 Feb. 1939, P.
H. Allen 1676 (BM). Prov. of Veraguas: epiphytic in cloud forest, El Copé, collected by R. L. Dressler,
flowered in cultivation 1 apres papas pee otype of P. operculata: SEL).

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Puntarenas: Reserva Monteverde, alt. 1600 m, 4 Dec. 1989, W. Morris & J.T.
Atwood 4023 (CR, SEL).

34 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species i tered occasionally in Panama and Costa Rica. It is Closely
related to the frequent, variable and widely distributed T. orbicularis, but T. rotun-
data is distinguished by the usually larger habit with larger, round, convex, horizon-
tal leaves and larger flowers borne beneath. The sepals are slender and ciliate (gla-
brous in T. orbicularis) and the apices of the lateral sepals are thickened and tail-
like, and more or less recurved, as sometimes seen in T. orbicularis. The narrowly
acute lip is minutely ciliate-denticulate in T orbicularis.

Schweinfurth admitted that he described P rotundata from an old flower “‘at
the summit of a swollen Ovary in an advanced stage of anthesis.’”’ Because he
described the lip as being fimbriate on the lower third, a smooth-lipped taxon from
Coclé was described as P operculata. A rehydrated flower from the type-specimen
of T. rotundata at AMES confirms that the two are synonymous.

Trichosalpinx trachystoma (Schltr.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 397, 1983. Fig. 22.
Bas.: Pleurothallis trachystoma Schltr. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 196, 1923.
Ety.: From the Greek trachystoma, “a shaggy opening,” referring to the lepanthiform sheaths
Plant small to in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-7
cm long, enclosed by 6-10 lepanthiform sheaths with dilated, cili ia. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ellip-
tical, obtuse, eas pra 13-18 mm wide, contracted below into a petiole 3-4 mm long. Inflores-
8

om mm
mR rey 15 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals rple, white toward the

base, te, emally, microscopically ciliate, fl h dorsal sepal broadly obov:
obtuse, 3.25 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, 3-veined clans micas s jew itl i Saessk
into a deeply concave, obovoid, cymbifonn al with th 1, 3.5

. 3 y ynsep ap Jed, 3.5 mm long,
; evap 6-veined together, forming a mentum with the column-foot; petals translucent white, ob-
long, 1. mm long, 0.6 mm wide, l-veined, the apex subtruncate, erose; lip red- e, 8

spathulate in outline, 2.5 mm long, 1.7 mm wide, flat wi apex dilated cellular-

ma
es the
glandular, the disc with alow, longitudinal callus, ending in alow. subovramidal ase.
en kegel pair of obscure lobules, delicately hinged t n to th lumn-foot; column white,
sin cs mm long, with the apex minutely erose, the anther and the stigma ventral, the foot 1 mm long.
A RICA: Prov. of Alajuela: epiphytic in forest of San Pet....¢..

A.M. Bre 40 = pate Ames Yan Ramon, alt. 950 m, June 1921,
of the holotype), elotype of P. rac Presumably destroyed at B, lectotype: AMES 31257, illustr.
GUATE = = 66 ” :

eh nie btigs of Alta Verapaz: “Patulul,” Suchtipequez, alt. 350 m, collected by Dr. Cesar
collected by H. Ibaiiez, flowerat yy copeinschem, 18 Feb. 1981, C. Luer 5844 (SEL); near Cubilquitz,

® Mowered in cultivation in Cobén, 29 Nov. 1990, C. Luer 14873 (MO).

é Tming a deeply concave, cymbiform
Synsepal. The dorsal Sepal is broadly oboy. : »Ccy
runcate apex. Most distinct is the flat, spathulate, ficat are erose at the

Trichacale::

By: Fema a unbtbtals Anes & Col Bat ee ia 54: 397, 1983.
ngulipetalus, With a triangular petal,”” referring A Reieich te nc :

Plant medium in size epiphytic :
we, 2035 mat anthiorm sheaths Leth cot iene neta Aan wd bie
lax, simultaneously 3- to 6-flowe ; ene into a petiole 3-4 mm lon Inflorescence
"c+ raceme, 15-25 mm long including the Mr cle 5-8 “
peduncle 5-8 mm

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 35

long L ; Ee A sh. 2 £. tak M4 1. £7. 1k >. 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1. 5
mm i. ovary 1-1.5 mm long; par gare wey I glabrous,
sna the dorsal sepal broadly oblon; need niger cee pea: 1.75-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the
eral sepals oblong ovate , oblique, |
, flexed, : eer amers 3-4.5 mm long expanded, 2-3.5 mm wide together, forming a mentum below
obtuse; , acute to eee
entire, 1.5-2.25 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide at the base, -veind ip ep . finely cil iate, oblong.
subpyriform » 2-275 mm al 0. 75- 1 mm wide, with the apex rounded, con the disc with a longitu-
dinal callus, above the base, ¢ divided
the base with a pair f t 1 foot; column white, stout,
1.75-2.2 long, mi dadaiiocane rs ewes, see Bb ct talon

a ee ee

GUATEMALA: Dept. of se a Barranco Hondo, , lower slopes of V Volcan de Fuego, alt. ca. 1800
m, 16 Dec. 1938; P. C. Standley 60278 (Holotype: F)
ar at Mixco, Dec. 1994, C. Luer 17344 (MO); ‘same collection data, C. Luer 17345 (MO).

This species, endemic and local in Guatemala, is related to T. blaisdellii, but it is
readily distinguished from the latter by the sparsely ciliate sepals with the dorsal
sepal obtuse and the laterals connate to near the middle and reflexed. The petals are
glabrous, triangular and acute. The oblong lip is finely ciliate, with a convex apex,
and with an erect, ‘‘sun-dial” callus similar to that of T. memor at the base. The
callus similarly forks into a pair of low calli above the middle.

Trichosalpinx vasquezii Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 24.
Ety.: Named in honor of Roberto sears Ch. of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, co-discoverer of this species.
Dient 3: < 2308. £325 etriatic albis, floribus

E purr , vaginiis lepanthiformibus
sh ibinin is, brevissimo, preted btusis, petalis acutis; labello oblongo ciliato.

t ts slend Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-6 cm long,
enclosed by 7-9 white, ep sheaths with long, oblique, Leaf erect, coria-
gies ae Belge , purple stripes, elliptical-obovate, subacute, 3.5-45 cm long, 1.2-1.8 em wide,

eate below into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a congested, di taneously 1- to 4-
Some raceme, 5 mm long including the filiform vadeomele 2-3 mm ee from near the apex of the
ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm te ae
toward the base, glabrous, fleshy, especially
long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral 1 at iddl te, —— , con-
cave, >, bifid : 5] ynsepal, 3mm m lon; ong, : Zz mn wide, 4-veined toast convex below the middle, forming a a

Gcal-chions, acute, 1.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark ¢ purple ate, oblong, obtuse, : re"
mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the sides thin, slightly incurv incurved below the middle, a ‘disc with 3 a low, flat,
longitudinal callus, the base with a pair of sm , delicately hing umn

column stout, 1.7 mm long, with broad wings above the middle, a ae
stigma ventral, the foot thick, 1 mm long.

BOLIVIA A: Dept. hab dry forest at Bulo-bulo, alt. 300 m, w
Yopca inthe ep of Sta Cr 2A 1991,C. ee baer, Vasquez & D. Ric 15342 (Hole.
type: MO)

Vegetatively, this species is perhaps the most beautiful and most distinct in the
genus. It is known only from one seasonally dry forest in lowland central Bolivia
where it is apparently endemic. The conspicuous, snow white, dilated, lepanthiform
cer of the ramicauls contrast with the obovate leaves with three prominent,

urple stripes. The very small, dark purple flowers are produced simultaneously in
T cldudca taceoué dt'cee tenn of the Veickeile ofthe teal. The sepals are glabrous
and obtuse; the petals are acute; and the lip is oblong and ciliate with a pair of
lo _ The flowers are similar to those of Pleurothallis ricii Luer &
Vasquez (subgenus Specklinia section Muscosae) with which it grows in same
fi

rl walebeteo ll

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Wigs pat? Hi Asahi ame a al

Fig. 3. Trichosalpinx blaisdellii (T. tamayoana)

Fig. 4. Trichosalpinx blaisdellii (T. lankesteriana)

ee Er en ae

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 37

5 cm

Fig. 7. Trichosalpinx dependens Fig. 8. Trichosalpinx dependens

38 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 11. Trichosalpinx inquisiviénsis

Fig. 12. Trichosalpinx memor

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

Fig. 13. Trichosalpinx memor (T. minutipetala) Fig. 14. Trichosalpinx memor (T. nageliana)

Fig. 15. Trichosalpinx navarrensis Fig. 16. Trichosalpinx orbicularis

P ta

Fig. 18. Trichosalpinx pringlei

Fig. 19. Trichosalpinx psilantha

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

Fig. 21. Trichosalpinx rotundata

Fig. 23. Trichosalpinx triangulipetala

Fig. 24. Trichosalpinx vasquezii

42 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
SUBGENUS TUBELLA

Bas.: Pleurothallis acremona ana 5: 157, 1979.

Trichosalpinx acremona (Luer) Luer, Phytologia 54: 394, 1983. Fig. 25.
Luer, 979.
Ety.: From the Greek acremon, Oth” ctnaen to Stecaene habit.

bie eed
1

epiphytic, prolific, branching, erect to sub , up to 15 cm or more
be ‘hs j 1 a we 1

r. duci G
0.5-9 g (the | icaul longer), enclosed by 2-8 minutely ciliate, lepanthiform
sheaths. Leaf ascending, thickly coriaceous cal,

contracted below into a petiole 1-3 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, subflexuous, simultaneously
several-fl d 2-5 cm long including the filif peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm long, from near the
apex of a ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 2-7 mm long; ovary 0.5-1 mm long; sepals
yellow or pale green, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, more or less slightly
acuminate, concave, 5-9,5 mm long, 1-2.25 mm wide, 3-vei to the lateral sepals for 0.25-0.5
mm, the lateral sepals narrowly triangular, oblique, 5.5-9 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, each 1-veined;
petals elliptical, acute with more or less minutely irregular margins, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-
veined; lip yellow-green, ovate-trilobed, 2.75-3.25 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide across the lobes, the apical
Jed and thickened, cellul

Toh, 17, seh, ab

oblong FE lobes below the middle,
erect, oblique, subacute, antrorse wit 2 2 , the base sub-
truncate, hi to the column-foot; column terete, 1.5-2 mm long, with acute, antrorse, apical wings,
the foot 1 mm long, ical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: without

: locality, collected by Janet Kuhn in 1974, flowered in cultivation at J & L Orchids,
Easton, CT, 1 Nov. 1975, C. Luer 596 SEL). Prov. of Bolivar: epiphytic in wet forest west of
Salinas, alt. 1150 m, 21 Mar. 991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, J. del Hierro & M. & F. Navarro
15009 (MO). Prov. of Azuay: road banks north of Sevill de Oro, alt. 2800 m, 11 Sept. 1976, B. Dligaard
& H. Balslev 9335 (AAU, NY). Prov. of Pichincha: above Tandapi, alt. 2600 m, March 1983, A. Hirtz
0). Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: cloud forest south of Yangana above Valladolid, alt. 2400 m,
Sept. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer et al. 5606 (SEL); same area, alt. 2450 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A.
Hirtz & W. Flores 10930 (MO).
: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Yarumal, El Oro, alt. 1700 m, collected R. Escobar & E.
BOLIVIA Dee aan cultivation at Colomborquideas, 5 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 1411] oan
: E : wees 53 cultivation 26 eh
ian fy ote ont Chapare, collected by M. MacDiarmid, flowered in

This
Bolivia, but it has not yet been identified from Peru. It is distinguished by the
branching, prolific ramicauls that bear narrowly elliptical leaves. The flowers are

Trichosalpinx acremona is similar to T. cedralensis, but the former is disti
; | : ‘ er is distin-
guished by the usually larger flowers; tall, oblique, lateral lobes of the lip with the
anterior margins Of the lobes irregular; and antrorse, apical wings of the column,
Large vegetative and floral forms of T. acremona appear similar to T vagans of

Colombia and T. dunstervillei of Venezuela, but the latter two are distinguished
tw
the low, lateral lobes of the lip with tall keels on the disc 4 bs

Bas.: Pleurothallis alabastra Luer & ia 54; 394, 1983, Fig. 26.

Trichosalpinx alabastra (Luer & Escobar) Luer, Phytologia
Fir: From the Latin alata, “anopened flowers” relornag se

flowers.
al Rata: up to 20 ERS poe ee BLE
» Cacspitose, ranching above; roots slender. A VCS, ; rrestri-
ey ae pe cena pl

e coriaceous, c . minutely ciliate ostia, Leaf
Sempleah se, 25-4 long inating the petidlo 3-4 mar egy apes at

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 43

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a subdense , secund, imul ly ifiowered

raceme 3-7 cm long including the peduncle 1-2 cm long fl
1.5-2 mm long; Lame 3-4 mm long; ovary winged 1-1 5 mm ‘ong: sepals Salivw ore» with a
rominent , carinate,

OvVate trang:

P'
ular, acute, 7. po mm capa 2 5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, narrowly triangular, oblique,

cellular-glandular, elliptical, obtuse,
0.8 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow-green, oblong, arcuate, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, cellular-glandular,
arginal angles t below the middle the apex roun: ee longitudinal pair of
calli, the b : greenish white, penne rp et

broad, prominent, subacutely angled

the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of S ial on th d emt b d Berlin,

alt. 2600 m, 27 Apr. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Perillo 714 Gilaype 'SEL); same local

ewan m, 5 Nov. 1981, C. Luer & R. Escobar 6552 (COL, SEL). Dept. of Antioquia: El Carmen
ve San Lorenzo alt. 2500 m, 21 Mar . 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer & W. Teague 14343 (MO). ees of

Nevad del Tolima, alt. 2600 m, 21 Apr. 1982, C. Luer, J
R. Escobar é D. Portillo 7499 (JAUM, SEL).

This cleistogamous species, usually found growing on road embankments in the
Central Cordillera and the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia seems never to be with-
out flowers. Only occasionally will the sepals partially part. Apparently all flowers
develop capsules. Superficially, T. alabastra appears similar to a small plant of T.
robledorum in bud. It is distinguished from the latter by the much smaller flowers,
glandular petals, and a lip that is oblong instead of subquadrate. The deeply winged
columns of the two species are similar.

Trichosalpinx amygdalodora (Kraenzl.) Luer comb. nov. Fig. 27.

Bas.: Pleurothallis amygdalodora Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 521, 1906.

Ety.: From the Latin in amygdalodorus, ‘smelling like an almond,” an odor Kranzlin apparently had

detected from the herbarium specimen.

Syn.: Pleurothallis pyxos Luer & Escobar, » Orquideologia 14: 168, 1981.

Ety.: From the Greek pyxos, “the shrab boxwood,” in allusion to the habit of the plant.

Syn.: Trichosalpinx pyxos (Luer & Escobar) Luer, Phytologia 54: 397, 1983.

Plant parts very small t to large and shrub-like, to over | meter or more high, terrestrial, erect,
repent, branching,
sepetpoend ramicauls Ramicauls erect, stout to — proliferating, 2-5 cm long with 2-5 ciliate,
long with 15 or more sheaths. Leaf erect, thick-

coriaceous cio i lsum, 61 einer paneer it ppelrae
petiole 1-2 mm long. a flowered raceme 1.5-2.5 cm long
including the ¢ peduncle ca. cm long, fi 1 bract i 5-2 mm long;
pedicels 2 mm long; ovary ° 75 mm m long; sepals white to - yellow. (oetepeh carinate, the dorsal
sepal ovate, acute mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral
sepals narrow narrowly triangular, obli que, acute, atten! Se te dain, oe ask ae 1-2 mm
each 1-veined; sey douabnanien elliptical, acute, 2-2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow,
obl oblong x

£

terior margin of the lobes, the base truncate, hi to the column-foot; column terete, | mm long, the
anther aaiel, the stigma ventral, with the foot cued

PERU: Dept. of Cajamarca: Hualgayoc, valley of Taolis, alt. 2800 m, Weberbauer sow (holotype of P.
amygdalodora presumably destroyed at 3000 m, 1 Sept.
1964, P.C. Hutchison & K. von pBidrtt 6425 (Neotype: AMES; Isoneotypes: F, x M, MICH, MO,
NY, P, UC, US, USM).
ECUADOR: Prov.

J. Luer & A. Hirtz 15211 (MO); El Mirador, between Julio Andrade and Playén de San Francisco, alt.
3300 m, 22 Mar. 1991, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz, J. Del Hierro & S. O §290 (MO). Prov. of Napo: on lava
near Papallacta, alt. 3100-3300 m, 15 June 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strém 10348 (AMES
GB). Prov. of T ua: slopes of Volcan Tungurahua above Bafios, alt. 3000 m, 27 Mar. 1984, €.
Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Hiijer, F. Freire & J. Kuijt 9670 (MO).

44 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Cauca: San Sebastian, epiphytic in cold, cloud forest between La Vega and

cotigsoin oct omen sale 9 sib egg eemada - Kuhn & R. Escobar 3047 (holotype
of T. pyxos: SEL): Paramo de Moras, alt. 3000-3400 m, 16 Mar. 1884, F. C. Lehmann 3752 (G); Cabe-
ceras del Rio Palo, alt. 3300 m, 1 Dec. 1949, J. Cuatracasas 18820 (AMES).

Large specimens of this species resemble dense, small-leaved shrub. It grows
terrestrially in cold forests at altitudes around 3000 meters above sea level from
southern Colombia into northern Peru. It had been collected by both Lehmann in
Colombia and Weberbauer in Peru in the nineteenth century. Weberbauer’s collec-
tion was no doubt merely a terminal fragment of a much larger plant.

Although the supporting ramicauls are long and stout, the majority of the prolif-
ic, branching ramicauls are short and crowded. The inflorescence consists of an
inconspicuous, few-flowered raceme of small, whitish flowers. The sepals are long-
sine cor bes and the lipi is three- -lobed with a pair of calli at the front margin of the

say

4 We

Trichosalpinx arbuscula dae eg Luer, Phytologia 54: 394, 1983. Fig. 28., 29.
Bas.: Pleurothallis arbi Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: misc. 72, 1842.
Ety.: FiaadnLadbearhacca ai oe pee aena to the tall, branching habit.
Syn.: Pleurothallis dinotherii Rchb.f. & arsc., Bonplandia 2: 114, 1854.
Ety.: From the Greek dinotheri a animal.”
oo on, “a "ightful animal. jor tlie extinct, proboscidean

* Syn.: Pleurothallis diptera Lindl. Lindl., Folia Orchid. Pleurothallis 44, 1859.
Ety.: From the Greek dipteros, “two-winged.”’ referring to the co
Syn.: Pleurothallis moschata Rehb.f., Xenia Orchid. 3; 42, t. 217, 1881.
Ety.: From the the Latin moschatus, “musk-scented,” referring to the odor of the flowers.
Syn.: : Humboldtia arbuscula (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.
Syn.: : Humboldtia dinotherii (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 667, 1891.
Syn.: : Humboldtia diptera (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.
Sya.: Jleurothallis lepanthoides Schltr. » Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 106, 1920.

S$ ar
Sn: lars rida Si, Raper Spe Noy moan Se, pees 77, 1921.
“g] treo syege: gba: Hada oie eg
ia Sn: ich ote RchhL) Laer, Phytologia 54: 396. 1983.
Luer, Phytologia 54: 394, 1983.

: Pleurothallis ar!
aeseiy rer acetashimot, Bal , Bull. Natl Sci. Mus. 4: 9, 1978.

rebate robust to weak, up to 40 Oe ae Ss oh
“PIP Mt : ae _ lily te pa prolif ;: ing above; roots Ramicauls e; suberect or ascend-
a cm Spel era by 3-10 closely appressed, ribbed yf

ation n sheaths with : coriaceous, elliptical, acute t cute, 2-
cent ning th tole wo om fog 1-1.8 cm wide, cuneate below into the . Inflores- a
ouaias tare pm eysiceene imultaneously sey several-flowered raceme 5-15 cm Ss including the the

infloreerence

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja:

pig hong near Loja, Th,

2850-2950 m, 21 Feb, 1985, B. Dilgaard ce at 57917 (AAU); (AUS opens tine

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 45

pass north of Loja, alt. 2700 m, 2 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12582 heat above pace
alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, ; J. Luer, A. Hirtz z & W. Flores 1088 7 (MO). Prov. of Carchi: te

do, alt. 2500 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. tae
Luer, P. Jesup & A. Jesup 1604] (MO). Prov. of Morona-San antiago: betw een Limén and Gualaceo, alt.
1900-2000 m, 22 Mar. 1974, G. Harling & L. Andersson 12744 (GB), east of the pass between
Gualaceo and Limé6n, alt. 2750 m, 16 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree
11825 (MO); same area, alt. 2150 m, 14 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup, A. Hirtz & S.
Ortega spt (MO); epiphytic east of the pass east of ae * 2700 m, 15 May 1988, C. Luer, A
Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13346 (K, MO). Prov. of Napo: pace bag in Guacamayo
range, alt. 19% m, 13 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11246 (MO). Prov. of
Pichincha: forest on the road to Nanegal, W. Jameson s.n. (holotype of P. diptera: W; isotype: K); near
Nono and Tandayapa, alt. 2250 m, 16 June 1987, C. H. Dodson & M. Chase 17192 (MO); ‘Pululagua
i Nov.

Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10923 (MO), south of the

pass between Jimbura and Zumba, alt. 2800 m, 24 Jan. 1986, S. orien nae ages, ).
Fp ary rs ae Antioquia: epiphytic in forest remnant north of Santa Rosa de Osa, alt. 2580 m,
4 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstrim & W. Tecnwe 14190 G40% Sonate cokers py 5. Yale
= flowered in cultivation at Colombo 4 GC, I Dept.
$ , alt. 2800 m, 28 May 1939, J. Renz 3623 (AMES; Herb J. Renz); Bogoté,
Quebrada del Chico, alt. 2800-38 ider 169 (S). Dept. of Cauca: without
locality, Mader. F: ed at B, true identity in
orest north of Nirgua, alt. 4000 ft., Jan. 1964, G. C. K. Dunstervi :
i: Fortuna dam collected by R. L. Dressler Oct. 1976, flowered in culti-

: 2 site,
vation Nov. 1976, c. Luer 060 (SEL), same — alt. 1025, 24 Mar. 1978, B. Hammel 2295 (MO);
eat 50 m, 24 Oct. 1985, G. McPherson 7319 (MO).
PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqui: near “*Vivero” of Fortuna dam site, Valle de Homito, 10 May 1982,
R.L. Dressler 6046 (MO). Prov. caine et 7 ara 1976, C. Luer “i H. Butcher 139A (SEL). Prov. of
é: upper Rio Blanco, NW of El alt. 600-800 m, 26 Dec. ase fences

COSTA RICA: Without locality, ca. 1867, A. Endres 2653 (holotype of P. moschata: W). Prov. of
Alajuela: La Virgen del Soccorro, alt. 800 m, 10 Oct. 1978, C. Todzia 479 (CR). Prov. of Cartago:
—— alt. 1400 m, 21 Dec. 1992, G. Herrera we Se K). Prov. of Heredia: Parqué Nacional
Braulio (00-800 m, 14 Nov. 1986, M. Grayum & G.
Herrera 7902 ( (MO ); Parqué Nacional Braulio Carte, pshat Station, alt. 1650 m, 26 Oct. 1990, S.
Ingram & K. Farrell 631 (CR, SEL); Prov. of Cartago: Paraiso, Orosi, Parqué Nacional Tapanti, alt.
1400 m, 21 Dec. 1992, G. Herrera 5816 (K). Prov. of San José: Cordillera de Talamanca, north of San
Isidro del General, alt. 2100 m, 15 May 1956, re O. Williams I
PERU: Dept. of Amazonas: , Chackigovas, hady banks, R. Spruce 3181 (K); a Tullanga, Cerro
Huicsocunga o Condorpuna, alt. 3310 m, 6 Sept. 1989, C. Diaz & J. Campos 3803 (MO). Dept. of
Cuzco: Paucartambo, Pte. del Aguila, alt. 2800 m, 4 Nov. 1965, C. Vege 16757 7 (AMES). Dept. of

uanuco: between Chinchao and Acomayo west of Huallaga, ee 3100-3200 m, Sept. 1913, A. Weber-
bauer 6827 (holotype of P. type here A AMES;

OL, US). Without 1 Warscewicz s.n. ‘acietreatF dinotherii

pate ape of tee ba: — Pampatambo, to Ende Planta Coran i, northeast of Cocha-
bamba, 7 Dec. 1974, Nishida, Ono, Hashimoto & Ohga 01043 (holotype of T. aphinacsilelied TNS).

Some imens of this species attain the largest size known in the genus. Tall,
leafy “‘stems” stand in clumps and bear long racemes of numerous flowers with
long-attenuate sepals that often recurve. Plants differ markedly in size of the leaves
and height of the ramicauls, but, except for the lengths of the sepals, the morpholo-
gy of the floral parts is surp y constant. Smaller plants suggest a transition
into another ‘widely distributed sympatric species-complex, T. dura. The entire, longi-

y in is similar in both concepts.

Trichosalpinx arbuscula is relatively frequent in Ecuador, but it occurs locally

as far north as Costa Rica and into Bolivia in the Andes. Collections from Central

America known as T. moschata (Fig. 29.) are not specifically different from those
of the Andes, although the habit is smaller. However, equally small plants are not
uncommon in the Andes.
Schlechter’s Pleurothallis lepanthoides was probably a small specimen of T.
arbuscula. Unfortunately, it was a Madero collection that was lost at B. Trichosal-
pinx arbusculoides probably represents this species in Bolivia. The only distin-
guishing feature is the pair of basal lobes of the lip. Similar, but lower basal lobes
have been seen among collections from Ecuador.

46 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx atropurpurea Luer & Hirtz, sp. no Fig. 30.
ye en eeenre neers. ee. fees othe color ofthe ower.
it emis pal j secundis
paucifloris folio p re I si ie Genii tlctwrpeieis ghoixis ovieie acinis, potas eliveisis
acutis, labello obl g btrilobato, lob +t bl ng api tundo, lobis | lit infra medium
late obtusis.

der. Ramicauls erect, superposed, compara-

Wg: sou, 612 on gcse yl ean sheaths with ciliate ostia. Leaf erect to suber-

ect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 10-23 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, contracted below
into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence several, simultaneous, secund, loose, few-flowered racemes

the ;
pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals deep red-purple, glabrous, subcarinate, the joel

each 1-veined; petals elliptical, oblique, acute, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1-veined; lip deep eee o
long-ovate, subtrilobed, 6.5 mm long, 2.75 mm wide across the lobes, the the apical portion oblong with the
apex rounded, the Intcral lobes low, ape cease, | below the middle, the disc featureless, the base

narrowly t , 3 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: epiphytic in cloud forest above Jimbura, alt. 3350 m, 22 Mar. 1984, C. Luer,
A. Hirtz, S. Dalat. Tage aT kee jt 9638 (Holotype: MO).

__ This species, known only from a high altitude of southernmost Ecuador, produc-

caespi auls that are often prolific. Two to four short
racemes of several, comparatively large, dark red-purple flowers are produced
simultaneously. The petals and lip are large for the flower. The simple lip is ob-
scurely lobed below the middle and the disc is featureless

Trichosalpinx atropurpurea is one of three distinct species of the genus found at
the high, cold, wind- -Swept pass east of Jimbura near the Peruvian border. The
others are T: jumburae and T. metamorpha. All three are apparently endemic in this
area, hot having been found at a similar nearby pass south of Yangana.

bag er arrhess barbelifera Luer & cr & Vasquez, sp
‘ waiakea barbelfer, Bieta 720 seg tb ng ts crc pete
siti ertupcnos Gat ‘as atfinin, sed habitu repenti, sepalis rubrovittatis longissime

Fig. 31.

cauls erect —— “tepent, up to 40 cm long, branching; roots slender. Rami-

sheaths eis slender, i 8.5 cm long, enclosed by 3-5 closely whtesind. ribbed lepanthiform
05-8 Leaf erect, cori aceous, elliptical, acute, 2-4 cm long including the

aes merase.» 0.8-1.5 cm wide, a, quncate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, secund,

f Rae tag! ong cle 2-4 cm long, from n

wih peso pine along the veins ; pe Is 5-10 mm long; o ovary | mm long; sepals white
kng-tennate, 20-27 mm lng with he eka sepal narrowly poe came basally,

with i ee "ap stoke lumn-f

wi seiae C € co. a ?
recip arbre Sen at gcse

BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Nor

Nov. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Véswaes pe pytic Tee? forest cast of Chuspipaa, alt. 2750 m.24

bamba: 8 Vasque D.Rte &W. Teague 16489 (Holotype: MO). Dept. of Coch

Laser, F Fucks ett 3586 (SEL), ‘oward Villa Tunari, alt. 2600 m, 30 Nov. 1978, C. Leet.

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 47

This species is apparently confined to the cool, wet forests of Bolivia. It is
closely related to the widely distributed T. arbuscula, but it is distinguished by the
weak habit. A long, flexuous stem of superposed ramicauls with leaves at intervals
creeps in loose accumulations of mossy litter. Racemes of several, very long-tailed
flowers are produced. The sepals are white with purple stripes along the veins, and
the long, filamentous tails are yellow-green. The small, acute petals, and the longi-
tudinally callous, entire lip and column are similar to those of T. arbuscula.

Trichosalpinx carinilabia gpeat Luer, dilsahes 54: 394, 1983. Fig. 32.
Bas.: Pleurothallis carinilabia Luer, Selbyana 3: 256, 1977, nec P. tricarinata Poepp. & Endl. 1836

853.
Ety.: From the Latin carinilabius, ‘ "iets coriawte Hp.” eter ie tecoenne eee
~ Syn.: Pleurothallis broadwayi Ames vat. tricarinata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8: 42, 1940.
Ety.: From the Latin tricarinatus, “tricarinate,” referring to the tricallous lip.

sheaths.
ceous, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 8-10 mm long, 5-6.5 mm wide, contracted Soler into a apes 1
mm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively few-flowered raceme, up to 25 mm hag includ: ing the
iform peduncle 10-12 mm long, fi cts 1 mm long;
2-3 mm long; ovary 0.4 mm long; sepals white, ., glabrous, carinate, the dorsal al err concave,
acute, 2.75-4 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals free, ovate-triangular, oblique, acute,
2.5-4 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; petals translucent yellow, obovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm ca 075 mm
wide, 1-veined; lip white, — elliptical-oblong, 2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, slightly arcuate wi with the
margins apex thick, convex, cellular-glandular, obtuse, the disc with a pair of low,
parallel calli within the Eis just above the middle, with a thickened midvein or third low, callus
between, wore base subtruncate, ment to the column-foot; olan terete, maiiow ly winged near the
apex, 1 mm

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Alajuela: Palmira, epiphyte on oak, alt. 2000 m, 27 May 1938, A. Smith H 668
(Holotype: AMES); same area, alt. 2200 m, 9 May 1938, A. Smith 532 (AMES); same alt. 2000
16 May 1938, A. Smith 589 (AMES); between Palmira and Alfaro Ru viz, alt. 1840 m, 4 July 1925, A. M.
Brenes 1325 (AMES). Prov. of Cartago: Cordillera de Talamanca, near Congreja above El Tejar, alt.
1800 m, 11 May 1986, L. O. Williams 19854 (SEL). Prov. of Heredia: Poasito, slopes of Volcan Pods, alt
2200 m, 1 May 1979, L. O. Williams 16652 (AMES). Prov. of Puntarenas: Monteverde, alt. 1420, 6 June
1989, J. T. Atwood 89-124 (MO, SEL); same area, 14 Mar. 1989, J. T. Atwood 89-74 (CR); in pasture
near Monteverde Reserve, alt. 1500 m, 21 Mar. 1995, C. Luer, J. ai Atwood, G. Barbosa & W.
Rhodehamel 17454 (MO Withou t locality, ca. 1867, A. Endres s.n.
PANAMA: Prov. ch : i: north of San Felix, Cerro Colorado copper mine road, alt. 5000-5500 ft., 6
May 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5996 (MO, SEL); near Cerro Colorado, near Chami camp, alt. 1500 m,
16 Apr. 1986, G. McPherson 8959 (MO).

Superficially, this little species, already collected by Endres in the nineteenth
century, is similar to T. dura (long-known as P. foliata or P. broadwayi in the

ibbean and Central America), and it was originally described as variety tricari-
nata of P. broadwayi. When it was elevated to the rank of species in 1976, a new
name was proposed, because the epithet tricarinata was already occupied in the
genus Pleurothallis.

Trichosalpinx carinilabia, in habit more or less caespitose, is distinguished ni
occasi i icauls that bear in succession only one or two others.
few-flowered racemes of successive, white flowers surpasses the leaf two to ion
times in length. The sepals are carinate; the petals are obtuse; the oblong lip bears
three calli, a pair above the middle and a third in the center, and the apex 1s abruptly
very thick and convex, and sharply concave ee between the lateral calli. The
column lacks the broad apical wings seen in T. dur

48 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

is cedralensis 4
Ety.: Named for the community of Cedral, Costa Rica, where this species was discovered.
Syn.: Pleurothallis myrtillus, Schlir., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 108, Nov. 1923.
Ety.: From the Latin myrdillus, “a plant of the Myrtaceae,” in ion to the habit.

2 ae, Ras cPiphtic, prolific, branching, eect to suberect, up to 10 cm or more talk: roots slender
at the base. Ramicanls ling, slender, producing anot} ical from th apex, 0.5-3 cm long (the
lower ramicauls much the | ger), enclosed by 2-6 pically ciliate, lepanthiform s Leaf

thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 8-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, contracted below into a
. xuOUS, i y several-flowered raceme

Trichosalpinx cedralensis (Ames) Luer, Phytologia 54: 394, 1983. Fig. 33.
Bas.: Pleurothallis “ Ames, Sched. Orchid 4 18. May 1923. 2

. ¢ apex of a ramicaul; floral bracts
1 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals pale yellow, glabrous, carinate, the

Ls A ape ai or less slightly acuminate, concave, 4,75-5.5 mm long, 1.75
mm wide, 3-y to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals narrowly triangular,
oblique, 4 5-5.5 mm long, 1 wide, each 1-veined; petals ellipti ique, acute, 2.5-3 mm 1 5
0.8-1 mm wide, 1- lip yellowish, oblong-trilobed, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide across
lobes, the apex rounded an i ce, the lateral lobes

han terete, 1.5 mm long, with small, obtuse, apical wings at the

COSTA RICA: Prov. of alt. 5000 ft., 28 July 1919, C. H. Lankester 352 (Holotype: K);

locality ce ore sage; Cedral,
, Ca, 1867, A. Endres 33, 283, 287 3 S ‘
Endres 262 (W); La Estrella, Jan. 1923,'C. Lande San Ramén, Candelaria, alt. 5000 ft, ca. 1869, A.

9
1400-1500 m, 6 Mar. 1926, P.C. Sta ER .
Cartago, alt. 1950 m, 20 July 1923, W. ry ndley & R. Gisie geet a Clara de

: Edo. Bolivar: Cero Guaic: «.
32858 (AMES, NY); Cerro Venango tuinima, Rio Paragua, alt 1650 m, 31 Dec. 1951, B. Maguire
sterville 92352 (AMES. M N Siege 150m, 23 Dec. 1968, J. A. Steyermark & G. C.K. Dun-
107310 (AMES); Cerro Manian yy Siet™ Pakarsima, alt, 1400 m, 4 May 1973, J. A. Steyermark
. Tae ted a: Ate 200m. 11-14 Jan. 1981, 7 4 ermark et al. 123937 (MO,
& B. Holst 130463 (MO VEN); Atabapo alt. 1140 m, 21-24 Feb. 1985.7 AS, rk
: : : Cots te »J. A. Steyerma:
0, alt. 1225 m, 4 i
18602 (Moy, VN» Atabapo, below Salto Larne : 19 Feb bij mee anid
ECUADOR: Prov. of Pastaza: near Me
ichincha: Ta, alt. 1100 m, 27 Feb. 1 .
pace of Calacali, alt. 2100 m, 4 Apr. 1985, C. Lace yp dinth Harling 11068 (GB). Prov. of
(Mo) “8k fo of Tungurahua: slopes of Volcan T; : ny A. Hirtz, C. Dodson & P. Dodson
oe iago: epiphytic in forest along tig a
Pts 16 se 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, P. Jesup Py shay ceo dy “_ iu
17 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer. RY, Mp bes toward Villa Tunari. alt. 1500 m,
“saez.T. & D. Mulder & A Voges 12858 (MO); same area, alt. 1750

a ei

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 49

m, 31 Jan. 1997, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague 18344 (MO). Dept. of La Paz: Nor
Yungas, Henin pee sc tha sina uara-Mejillones, alt. 1500 m, 12 Feb. 1983, J. C. Solomon 9486
(MO); Nor Yungas, north of Caranavi toward Alto Beni, alt. 1550 m, 26 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R.
Vasquez, J. Saka D. Mulder & A. Vogel 12943 (MO);

This little species is hat variable and relatively frequent in the mountains
of Central America through the Andes from Venezuela into Bolivia. It is character-
ized by the branching habit with alternating leaves produced by short, prolific
ramicauls. Sometimes a comparatively stout basal ramicaul is longer than the rest.
The racemes of yellow flowers are twice to thrice as long as the leaves. The sepals
and petals are acute. The lip is obtusely lobed up to the middle, and there is no
callus at the anterior base of the lobes that distinguishes T. intricata and its rela-
tives. The anterior lobe of the lip is oblong and obtuse.

Trichosalpinx cedralensis is similar to T. acremona, but the latter is distin-

by narrower leaves; more acuminate sepals; tall, antrose, labellar lobes with
irregular, anterior margins; and descending wings at the apex of the column.

The flowers of T. cedralensis are similar to those of T. multicuspidata, but the
latter is distinguished by the caespitose habit with taller non-proliferating ramicauls,
and longer racemes.

Trichosalpinx chaetoglossa (Luer) Luer, rayon 54: 394, 1983. Fig. 34.
Bas.: Pleurothallis chaetoglossa Luer, Selbyana 3: 262, 1977.
Ety.: From the Greek chaetoglossa, “‘a long-haired tongue, ”* referring to the pilose lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, more or less | caespitose with long, prolific, pendent branches, up to 20 cm
long; perp 1. Ramicauls descending, or
pendent, slender, prod Is f he apex, 1-3 cm long, the lowermost 5-8 cm long,

catalog 8a ceoet cteciac eed ‘orm sheaths with slightly dilated ostia. Leaf erect in rela-
tion to the ramicaul, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, acute, 18-20 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, con ee
into a petiole 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, —— 2- to 3-flowered raceme, ca.

bome by a filiform peduncle 3-5 mm long, from near the apex « of the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1. ee mm

long; pedicel 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm 1 ow or white, glabrous,

subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, narrowly obtuse, 5.5 mm long, 2 mm ide, 3-veined, the lateral
eined,

— ee nee ee an connate basally to form a shallow
translucent yellow, elliptical, acute, entire, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm
wis ind pylon cecny asi, 25 mh 5m wie cs across the lateral lobes,

middle, erect, , broadly obtuse, shortly pubescent, th disc shallowl , the base with a curved,
foot; column terete, 1.25 mm long, the anther subapical, the

stigma ventral, the column-foot short.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pastaza: epiphytic in citrus grove north of Puyo, alt. 750 m, 21 Mar. 1976, C. Luer,
ff. Luer & J. a ap si (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: MO). Prov. of Morona-Santiago: Cordillera del
1

aly Sk pei aA FE Hirtz I eT @ Rio J
alt. 1550 m, 22 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Oe ha tee OE OO

This uncommon pendent species is found at altitudes around 1000 meters above
sea level in eastern Ecuador. Long, leafy branches composed of superposed rami-
cauls trail among loose moss on trees. The small, pale yellow flowers are produced
in short racemes shorter than the leaves. Most remarkable is the narrow, thickened
anterior lobe of the three-lobed lip that is densely long-pubescent.

50 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

-Trichosalpinx ch tl Rchb.f.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 35., 36.
Bas.: Pleurothallis chamaelepanthes Rchb. f., Bonplandia 3: 240
ne erence an nd Lepanthes, “a tis ap sathas oa in allusion to the habit.
Humb hb.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 667, 1891.
Syn.: Lepanthes corazonis Sct, Repent Spec Now i008 0 gg 14: 125, 1915.
Ety. WI Af. hs
Sn: Pleurothallis microcharis Schitr., Repert. Spec . Nov. Re Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 61, 1921.
Ety.: From aq ssyrat gat neat “a little beauty,” referring to the pretty habit and flowers.

Plant small, epiphytic, more or less caespitose with long, prolific, creeping to pendent branches, up
to 270 emi 1 3 1.

aul, icauls erect,

> Producing other ramicauls from the apex, 1-8 cm long, the lowermost the

longest, enclosed by 2-8 usually long-ciliate, lepanthiform orm sheaths with dilated os rect in rela-
tion to the ramicaul, thickly cori iagemae suborbicular, obtuse, 3-12 mm long, 4-10

mm wide, contracted below i : - Infloresc a

successively 2- to 3-flowered raceme, 10-25 aun long, rarely 3 flowers open simultaneously, borne by a
filiform peduncle 7-15 mm long, tay eg he © apex of the ramicaul; floral bract Sb ele pedicel 1-
1.25 mm long; ovary minutely echinate, 0 w, Ciliate
denti catinate-spiculate, ovate, accte, acuminate, variously caudate, the do dorsal sepal 7-18 mm long
including the tail, 2-4 mm wide, Sheol the lied tenet oblique, 7-18 mm long including the tails,
connate in the lower third, 2-4 mm wide together, each l-veined: petals traci cent purple or yellow as
the sepals, ovate, elliptical, acute to obtuse, entire to microscopically erose, 2.75-4 mm long, 1-2 mm
wide, |-veined; lip colored as the sepals, ovate-trilobed, 3-4.5 mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide, the ante:

lobe ovate, obtuse, minutely to micros ede Lamed hecomacpaed ale-crose, the lateral ral lobes basal in the lower

rounded to obtuse an

> erect, broadly
cali along the middle third from the besal loko 4 pipeees oe hinged to the column-
foot; column terete, 2-3 mm long, the ani anther subapical, the stigma ventral, the colamm foot shy

ECUADOR: Prov. of of Pichincha: valley of Lloa 0a on trees, 1847, ee or W; Isotypes:
ae ator icemrnes: of Mt. Corazén, July 1875, A. Sodiro 26 (holotype of

L. corazonis presum
ably destroyed a ears here ean ents QPLS); in forests on west slope of Volcan Corazén, A.

sascdea thle microchari: destroyed at LS); epiphytic i
fores above Tandapi, tye 2100 m, 31 Ma 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz riz, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & J. o#
9820 | (MO); side toad belo w Tandapi, alt. 1600 m, I Mar. 1986, C. Luer, C. Dodson, A. Hirtz
Embree 12064 (MO), weat flak cf Whey Hoo Me erro Azul, alt. 2800 m, vila 1987, pag eg
Luer & A. Hirtz 12480 (MO). Prov. of : ap ar vegetation along Zo 0, alt.
2950 m, 16 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoi Oijer & J. Kuijt 9514 (MO): El Choro above Molle.
turo, 7 Mar. ve. G. Harling & L. Anderssen 22871, 22905 (AMES :
vegetation toward Catarama, alt. 2500 m, 13 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. , A. Hirtz et
al. 13037 (MO); forest at pass north of Chillanes, alt. 23 Mi - kn Gant

ecundo Vel Vela, alt. 2800 m, 24 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9728
a west of Salinas toward La Palma, alt. 3400 m, 10 Mar. 1 1991, C C. Luer, J

of

r, A. Hirtz et al.
14944 (MO). Prov. Carchi: Nudo de Boliche, Veladero alt. 800m, 12 June 1939, C. W. Penland &
R ); El Mirador between San de

-#. 907 (AMES and Playén de San Francisco, 22
pe 1991, prdte: A. Hirtz, X. pe, J. Del Hierro. 45 S. Ortega 5295 (MO); east of Tulcan toward

. 1 f Hi . Hirtz & W. Flores 11116 (MO); southwest of
Tulcén toward El Angel, 5 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11062 (MO). Prov. of
ise 400 m, his 1983, A, ‘Hirez 1251 (MO); abov. allatanga, alt. 2900

> between Papallacta and and Baeza, alt. 2850 m, 14
» W. & M. Thurston 14254 0). Prov. of Pastaza- Zufiag
the pate oe Feb. 1990, A. Hire, Dalstrim et a al. 4634 (MO), Proof ean ns east of
=e yt, Loja, alt. 2785 m, 19 May 1971, B. MacBryde 306 ( (AMES); same area, alt, 2750 m 21

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W W. Flores | 10696 (MO). south of the pass south of Jimbura, alt.

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 51
3050 m, 21 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 12010 (MO). “Alto de

Tabano n. (K).
COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Guatapé, Santa Rita, Finca Montepinar, alt. 1850 m, 31 Mar. 1983,
Linda Albert de Escobar & J. P. Folsom 3393 (MO and U of Ant); Altos de Barbacoa, porcdecl TV tower,
ncia

); forest east of

Santo Domingo, alt. 2170 m, 12 May 1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11352 (MO). b between

Salgar and El Dauro (Choc6), alt. 2320 m, 30 Sept. 1987, J. L. Zarucchi, A. Brant & J. Betancur 6056
QO); Carmen iboral, alt. 2000

de Vi wered in cultiv. olomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, C
Luer 13137 (MO). Dept. of Caldas Tatama, alt. 2800-3300 m, 8 Sept. 1922, F. W. Penne:
( , NY). Dept. of Cauca: Alto del Duende, paramo, alt. 3300 m, 1 Dec. 1944, I
(AMES, COL; Paramo de Puracé, alt. 3300 m, 27 July 1953, M. Schneider 193b (S). of -
marca: Paéramo de Guasca, alt. 3300-3500 m, 24 Mar. 1 M. Schneider 193a (S). Dept. of Huila: La
m, 29 Mar. 1939, K. von Sneidern 2029 (S). Dept. of Narifio: “Azufel, ug
18 May 1876, E. André 3226 bes Nae aiken Valle del Sibundoy, alt. 2650 m, 18 Apr. 1963, M.
L. Bristol 826 (AMES). Dept. of der: above La Baja, trail to Vetas, alt. 2900 m, 19 May 1982, C.
Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo Fr SEL east of Bucaramanga toward Berlin, alt. 3000 m, 7 May
1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & ncia 10190 (MO). Peet Sale ee ree 0 Los
Farallones, alt. 3500-3600 m, 12 Oct. 1044 ms Speke 17982 (AMES); Finca Zingara, between Cali
and Buenaventura, alt. eet g Borie P&L phcahargh eesti
2800-4600 m, 21-

PERU: Abra W:

25 Apr. 1988, P. Nufez, F Loaysa & W. Loaysa 9027 (MO) I Dee of Pesce : Oxapampa, trail to summit
of Cordillera Yanachaga via Rio San Daniel, alt. 2600 m, 18 July 1984, D. N. Smith, A. & H. Bottger
7878 (MO).

This species is the most common of the genus in the Andes, but no counterpart
is known from Central America. It was identified in Selbyana 3: 346, 1977, by the
synonym T. microcharis. Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes is recognized by dishev-
eled clumps of branching ramicauls, each segment bearing a small, rounded leaf;
long, prolific chains are produced in shady habitats (Fig. 36.). Often floriferous, the
plants may be covered by numerous bright purple flowers that are produced in short
racemes. As in all widely distributed, small species of pleurothallids, much varia-
tion occurs. The flowers are most often some shade of purple, but pure yellow
color-forms are not infrequent.

The sepals are variously echinate on the ribs and margins. The apices are acute
to acuminate into tails of various lengths. The petals are either acute or broadly
obtuse. The lip is trilobed with the margins minutely to microscopically erose.
Small, obtuse lobes are erect on the basal fourth. The disc is shallowly concave
centrally. It is the only species of Trichosalpinx with papillose ovaries, as noted by
Schlechter in his description of Lepanthes corazonis.

inx costata (Luer & May pig ‘bea 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 37.
Bas.: Pleurothallis costata Luer, Phytologi
Ety.: From the Latin costatus, “ribbed,

a. £ 4h, 1

to medium in size, epiphytic, vere oe roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, “
cm long, enclosed by 5-8 get he app d, glabrou with dila

trilobed, 4 mm long, 1.9 mm wide, Teg een r li rom the
lobes hall I — between a pair of low c

erect, uncinate, above the base, | the disc s owly matigree rere be ee
terete, 2 mm long, th th b pi 1. th stigr Stl heated

52 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

LIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic i f Coroico, alt. 2000 m, 3
Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. of csgihy acpcereembecerlsiny

This species is uncommon in the Yungas of Bolivia. It is related to T. dir-
hamphis which is frequent and widely distributed in the Andes from Ecuador into
Bolivia. Trichosalpinx costata is s distinguished from the latter by the glabrous,
lepanthift heath f smaller flowers short-

er than the leaf. The lip has similar uncinate basal lobes,

Trichosalpinx crucilabia sand gaaey eva Ph ne gag 395, 1983. 38.
Bas.: Pleurothallis semiret pail pegs ys
Ety.: From the Latin crucilabius, ‘ hg aedab ee Wide Tei hos ia

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls 28K to sages slender, 2-4 cm
long, enclosed by 3-5 ied jominages ostia. Leaf
suberect, ovate, acute, 1525 ae long bacdating, a petiole: 2-3 mm rhage 5-6 mm

iole. .

oblong, round at the middle, broadly rounded,
calli, the disc shallowly sulcate centrally above ~ > base, the base narrowed, <a hinged to the
column-foot; column tects, ny 2 mm long, the anthe: al, the foot 1 mm 1

UATEMALA: Dept. of Guatemala: Volcan Pacaya, above Las Calderas, alt. 1800-2400 m, 30 Nov.
1938, P. C. Standley 58433 (Holotype: F), C. C. Luer illustr. 17825,

This Species i is known only from the two plants mounted on the type- -sheet at

lateral lobes are distinctly Callous in T. crucilabia, not mentioned in the original
maven It is sy yee: to the Andean T. multicus, pidata, also with nonproli-
erating ramicauls, but TS with noncandate se: sepals; petals rounded at the apex:
and thickened, lateral lobes of the lip. i Bs

Trichosalpinx dalstroemii Luer,
Sp.
Ety.: oe epee retreat sical ts

Planta mediocris caespi ramicauli
floro folio elliptico maliloegion. sep oi horozontalibus Secon pun successivi-pluri
r “aes CUEISCIS, petalis ellipti-

- = a
tr MASS VALASSIS.

a bneaeee ps ie sn se it cos Toots slender. Ramicauls cauls more or less hori
Leaf erect in relation to to the ramicanl, th; Y appressed, »lepanthiform sheaths with ciliate ostia.

baw

purple 8.

acute, concave, “Maat 4 Seis F

connate to the lateral sepals for | 8. peaerhiord a ei) sate
with acute apices, 17-14 mm long, Sram wal sez conate cals ye 2 Subeliptical, bifid lamina
L25am wide, the ope: endo tanks h veineds lip yellow, oblong-obovate, 5.5 mm bas.
concave, featureless, the base truncate, hinged to the he Cbtuse angles above the the base, the disc shallowly
subapical, the stigma ventral, column-foot; column terete, 3 ; long, the anther

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 53

ECUADOR: Prov. of Bolivar: epiphytic in patch of forest at the pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2800 m, 11
Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrim & L. Arnby 1315 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16208; forest

da toward Facundo Velo, alt. 2800 m, 24 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. rpppieg T. Héijer & J. Kuije
9686 (MO); between Salinas and La Palma, alt. 3400 m, 10 March 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz et al.
14952 (MO). Prov. of Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 2850 m, 6 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim & T.
HGijer 9976 (MO).

This species from the western declivities of the Ecuadorian Andes is character-
ized by a more or less horizontal, caespitose habit and long, loose, successively
flowered, drooping racemes. The comparatively large flower near the tip of the
raceme is resupinate through the position of the rachis with the apices of the lateral
sepals curving downward.

Trichosalpinx dirhamphis (Luer) Luer, Phytologia 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 40.

Bas.: Pleurothallis dirhamphis Luer, Selbyana 3:

Ety.: From the Greek dirhamphis, “with two hooks,” ‘referring to the basal lobes of the lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis aequatorialis a TTT 5: 158, 1979.

Ety.: _— — country — ori

Syn.: Ti Ir q ) Luer, Phytologia 54: 394, 1983.

Plant medi g i it lend Ramicauls erect, slender, often
prolific, 3-15 cm nha enclosed by 29 ea closely app ressed, lepanthif
Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly ¢. elliptical, ac acute, 2-6 em long, 0.5-1.5 cm » wide, cunea
below into a petiole 4-5 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, lightly § flexuous, flexible, = smaltaneony
long, from
near the apex « the ramicaul; floral bracts 2-3 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm ste ho ovary 1-2 mm long;
sepals yellow, often striped in red or brown, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, long-
eres -15 mm nd 3-5 mm neal Orrreee the lateral or pa Envegee free or connate 1-2 mm,

several to many

Speen . 4-5 mm 9 oie pot: de, the te 2 stinks apomcilnnsc 4 cea,
recurved, the basal lobes erect, | uncinate, ~ disc with a pair a low, thick calli from the “en of the
t column-foot; column terete, 1.5-2

mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral, the foot thick, Saat AK;

R: Prov. ig nh rg tebe rece 1500 m, Aug. 1975, Cc. - Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm

661 hy eat SEL). Pro alt. 2500 m, 1 Mar.

1977, C. Luer, J. Luer & K. ye 1479 (SEL). Prov. of Bolivar: west « of Guarand toward Balza-

pamba, alt. 2000 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, S. rare T. Héijer & J. Kuijt 9732A (MO);
same Mang alt. 2500 m, 12 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstram & L. Armby 1326 (MO); west of Guaranda tow

alt. 2500 m, 13 Mar. 1991, ¢. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. toe (MO); west of Salinas, alt. 2800 m,

10 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, A. Hirtz et al. 14958 (MO); south of San Miquel, alt. 2300 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C.

Luer, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & J. Kuijt 9701 (MO); near the pass north of Chillanes, alt. 2500

m, 17 Feb. 1991, C. H. Dodson, FL Stevenson, N. Williams, M. Whitten & A. Embree 18706 (MO), same

11824 (MO); southeast of Sigsig, alt. 2400 m, 13 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup,
& S. Pe eon ine “aiod of Pichincha: near Tan dayapa west of Nono, a. 2200 m, 26 Jan. 1974,
ing & L. Andersson 11634 (GB); bet 1500 m, 17 Aug. 1976,

C.H. Dodson $059 (SEL 5 same area, along new road, alt. 1950 m, 31 Mar. 198s, C. Lier Hire 8
mq , alt. 1800-2200 m, 16 Fe

a oo a. . Héijer & J. Kuijt 98 9832 (MO), same area L oeataaeee Witkh, 1988, aces &
Dies & M. Fredrikson 3012 (AAU, GB); Narangali to, alt. 1000 m, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz 6194 e'3
Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: pi beac alt. 2000 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. saree :
Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9621 (MO). W: ty, collected by W. Teague, flowered in cultivation in
Francisco, CA, 20 Aug. 1979, C. ae 4121 laa aequatorialis: SEL).

54 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PERU: not yet identified from Pera.
BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: between Inquisivi and Circuata, alt. 2550 m, 28 Jan. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer
& R. Vésquez 5793 (SEL).

This species is common and widely distributed in southern Ecuador. A single
collection from Bolivia indicates that it certainly exists also in intervening Peru. It
is closely related to the successively flowered T. montana from southern Brazil.
Trichosalpinx dirhamphis is distinguished by the frequently prolific habit of the
i narrowly elliptical leaves that are far exceeded by a showy, lax, simulta-

fi 4 +

Lica: sn” | aa oo Js <9 a aa a i
and a large, brown lip. The sepals are long-acuminate with the laterals free and
diverging. The petals are obtuse with the apical margin more or less irregular. The
lip is distinctive with a pair of erect, uncinate basal lobes. The size and shape of the
basal lobes is variable. Sometimes they are half the dimensions as the largest. A
collection with exceptionally long and narrow basal lobes was described as P.
aequatorialis.

Trichosalpinx dressleri Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 41.

Ety.: Named in honor of Robert L. Dressler, formerly of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Insti-
tate, Panama, who discovered this species.

Pl f 4 frliie angust watt? : 22 a oe : - * 143

longiore, sepalis acutis Candatis lateralibus profunde connatis, petalis ellipticis, labello oblongo obtuso

infra

os Phas small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 10-22 mm long, enclosed

Clipe, nena aa apically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,
narro lliptical, acute, 15-25 mm » J-7 mm wide, i i - .
Inteecenbens < mit 8. tie wide, cuneate below into a petiole 1 1.5 mm long

several-flowered raceme up to 7 cm long including the
reap tee gan 4 fei tai imul , from near the apex of a ramicaul;
ren aes pedi 4.3-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, carinate

3 OV » acute, acuminat >
tail-like apex, 11 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral

-foot; column terete, 1.5 mm

PANAMA: Prov. of Panama: epiphytic in f

Dressler 5855 (Holotype: MO); C. ety Mens, tens
This little species is

Andean T. dirhamphis and the Brazilian T.

Cerro Jefe, alt. ca. 1000 m, 2 Dec. 1979, R. L.

are Obtuan teas are connate to the base ofthe
obtuse. Most distinct is the oblong lip w; F .

lobes. The successively flowe fore ee Oh execs, finger-like, basal

sepals seem to indicate a closer affinity

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 55

ecto. drosoides Carnevali & Ramirez, aa i, ede Fig. 42.
the Greek drosoides, “like dew,” perhaps refe:

aad 4am —— scandent or ed oy up to eel cm ep bi Ramicauls more

or less prostrate, prolific, branching, slen t, 3-9 mm long, cocloeed by 2-3 cesly eppeeeed, aul
ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf prostrate to pendent, thickly y elliptical to subor-
bicular, obtuse to rounded, the blade 79 mm long, 2-2.5 mm thick, 5-7 mm wide, rounded below, con-
tracted into a petiole less than 1 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively 2-flowered raceme ca. 10
1 4 = el. 7 41 Xx of

, from near the ape:
a ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1. 5mm ae ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals pale yaloy.
glabrous, subcarinate, the d dorsal sepal ov ate-triangular, acute, 6 weeds perme te deren essen
oe connate 1 mm; wr membranous | subfalcate, 4. 5mm 1 long, ree mm aK Pact mane
e middle into an acute ape; lip yellow, oblong-ovate, arcuate, = * mm along. 0.75 mm wide,
+h th g ha tw hirde ere: broadly
rounded, the base t te, hinged to the col f ot; column terete, rane wings shove ths ula,

o
+h +1, "2 3 sh as tral

2mm “oe
oF = at Le

VENEZUELA: Edo. Zulia: Sierra de Perija, southeast of Pishikakao, ce 1500-1800 m, 27 Mar. 1982, J.

A. Steyermark & G. C.K. & E. Dunsterville 109882 (Holotype: VE il i el same locality, J. A.

Steyermark, G. C.K. & E. Dunsterville 105678 (VEN); presumably same locality, flowered in cultiva-
tion, May 1973 and Apr. 1974, by G. C. K. Dunsterville 1278 (AMES), C. yee illustr. 17185.

This little, creeping species is apparently endemic in the Sierra de Perija in
northwestern Venezuela. Vegetatively, it is scandent with short, prolific ramicauls
growing within moss. The thick leaves are nearly round, creating the shape of a
lens. The Inflorescence is a distantly two-flowered raceme a little longer than the
leaf, The sepals are acute; the petals are subfalcate, tapered above the middle to the
acute apex; and the apex of the arcuate lip is obtuse and erose, while the sides
below the apical third are broadly rounded and erect. The above description and
illustration were made from plants with flowers pickled by Dunsterville.

Teichocsiginn dunstervillei Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 43.
Ety.: Named in honor of G.C.K. (Stalky) Dunsterville, noted author and illustrator of the orchids of
Venezuela, who first illustrated this species.
Species haec T. vaganti (Garay & —_, song similis, sed floribus majoribus cum mento grandi,
labello arcuato tricalloso cum lobis basalibus
Plant Il t dium in size. epiphytic, prolific, branching. to suberect , up to 15 cm or more
tall; roots slender at the base. Rami i ding, slender, t 1-
2 cm long above, wp tv ons eng alow, eclonl by 2-4 eyaatafor sheaths with minutely scabrous
ostia. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, semiterete, narrowly elliptical, acute, 2-4 cm long, 2.5-3 mm wide,
2-25, mm thick, contracted below into a petiole | 1-2 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, simultaneously
cle 1-1.5 cm long, from near the apex of a
1; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm long; sepals yellow, ae
tein, subcarinate, the do orsal sepal narrow. wly ovate, concave, acute, long-attenuat 12-14 mm long, 2
mm wide, 3- 1 sepals neal linear-triangular,
oblique, acute acute, 12-13 m mm ra bey 1 mm wide, 1-veined; petals translucent, elliptical, subacute, 2.3 long,
0.8 mm wide, ‘eink lip yellow, elliptical-trilobed, pany Peiege .2 mm long, 1. ea et pg ge
ol jue, obtuse, ani ’
rel Datta the middle tied from the lateral lobes, the sides deflexed from the basal lobes, with
te ila ict fF hirds the length, the base truncate, hinged to the column-
foot; Fe rating et racer with small, obtuse, apical wings, the foot 1 mm long, the anther apical,
the stigma ventral.

VENEZUELA: Edo. Trujill + nid é eeieeni Boe and Guaramacal, alt. 2350 m.
Jan. 1970, pallidiee vadtios! ee ECE. Senurame 1127 7 Geko AMES), C 3
17187.

56 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx dunstervillei is known only from the type-collection from the
Sierra Nevada de Venezuela. The accompanying description and illustration were
made from alcoholized material at AMES. Dunsterville’s illustration (Dunsterville
1127) was used to illustrate T. vagans.

Trichosalpinx du illei differs from the Colombian T. vagans by the larger
flowers, an acute mentum not seen in Dunsterville’s illustration, and a larger, ar-
cuate lip. The lateral lobes are above the base with the sides of the lip deflexed
from them. Instead of a tall, central carina, the midvein is thickened into a low
carina between the pair of tall, parallel carinae.

Trichosalpinx dura (Lindl.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 44., 45.
: Bas.: Pleur is dura Lindl., Folia Orch. Pleuroth. 32, 1859.
Ety.: From the Latin durus, “hard,” referring to the consistence of the leaves.
' Syn.: Pleurothallis foliata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 610, 1864.
Ety.: From the Latin foliatus, “‘with leaves,” referring to the leafy “‘stems.”
Syn.: Humboldtia dura (Lindl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 667, 1891.
Syn.: Humboldtia foli (Griseb.) K , Rev. Gen. PL. 2: 667, 1891.

T al

Bs Syn.: Pleurothallis guadalupensis Cogn., Symbol. Antill. 6: 432, 1909.

iS Was

Syn.: othallis 5 eens 4 F ,
Be Naraihallislepanthopsis Schltr, Reper. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 386, 1916.

Syn.: Pleurothallis amygdalina Rolfe ex Schitr. st Spec. Nov. Regn :

Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 386, 1916
Syn.: Pleurothallis williamsii Ames, Orchid. 7: 120, 1922.
Ety.: Named in honor of R. S. Williams who collected thi Panama.
Syn.: Pleurothallis anomala Hoehne, Arch, Inst. Biol. (Sao Paulo) 2: 43, 1929
Ety.: From the Latin anomalus, “anomala,” suggesting of P. mouraei.
tise aaa Soatnnt Ssp. anomala (Hoehne) Garay, Arch. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 11: 53, 1951.
Syn.: Trichosalpinx foliata (Griseb.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 395, 1983,

ytic, n E erect, prolific, with 1-3 (sometimes 5 or
more) superposed ramicauls, each ramicaul 1-4 cm (rarely to 7 cm) long, enclosed by 3-6 ciliate, lep-

suffused with i

0.5-1 mm wide, 1-veined, the apex various from yellow, t
; ni , acute, obtuse to rounded:
with ipl aes elliptical -oblong, 1.5-2.75 mm long, ded; aes suffused
below the middle, ; :

pair of low, longitudinal calli n ins, and a thane ela landalar, obtuse, the disc with a
winged above the middle, 1-1.5 mm long,
ECUADOR: Fichichat es
“tent AMES. Wy Pichinctes Yelle ioe rake te Andes, W. Jameson s.n. (Holotype: K,

gali, A Sodiro 27 (holotype 3 : Cc near
of rani, 2000-2300 m, F.C Lehmann 4508 (eae cost neat Silante and Milligali, west slope
» D Te

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 57

(neotype of P. corazonica: a above aoe alt. gmk 16 da 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S.
oe 531 (SEL). Prov. of Azuay: west of ducal, alt. 1500-1800 m, no date, F.

Prov. of Boli ee as seh ag July 1860, R. Spruce s.n. (AMES, K,
om: Prov. ot Bamersidas: between Lita and Alto Tambo, alt. 800 m, no date, A. Hirtz 3621 (MO). Prov.
of Morona-Santiago: north o! rie nae , alt. 1800 m, 17 Jan. 1986, S. Dalstrém & T. Héijer 1057
(MO); ne new road west of Macas to Guamote, al t. 1750 m, 6 Feb. 1987, C. Luer J. Luer & A. Hirtz 12705
(MO); Rio Upano north of Macas, alt. 1100 m, 15 fen 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup, A.
Hirtz & S. Ortega 13922-13923 (MO); Cordillera del Cutuct, new road to Morona, alt. 1 1000 m » 19 Jan.

| Prov. of

alt. ca. 1000 m, 11 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 3261 (SEL); nc north of Baeza, alt.
1000 m, 10 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 3202 (SEL); Volcan Reventador, alt.
1600 m, 5 Oct. 1984, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta 1978 (MO); Bermejo oil fields north of Lumbaqui, alt. 850
m, 9 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11726 ey Rio pan jes oye:
Shandia, alt. 650 m, 12 Aug. 1991, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 5376 (MO); between Hollin an

1200 m, Feb. 1991, flowered in cultivation at Chamblee, GA by F L chalets 92-0117-5 oan. aid
of Pastaza: Mera, alt. 1100 m, 9 Dec. 1955, E. Asplund 18741 (AMES, S); east of Mera, alt. 1000 m,
Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 923 (SEL); north of Mera, alt. 1050-1300 m, 27 Feb. 1985, C.
H. Dodson, P.M. Dodson, D. Neill & J. Zaruma 15626 (MO), between Bajios and Puyo, near Mera,
1050 m, 27 Feb. 1985, C. H. Dodson et al. 15626 (MO); Reventador, betwee n Baeza and ad Lago Agrio,
alt. 1600 m, 5 Oct. topes A. Hirtz 1978 (MO). Prov. of Z

alt. 1600 m, Aug. 1985, D. D’ Alessandro 493 (MO), upriver from Serre SB alt. 1950 m, 21 Apr. 1986,
D. D’ Alessandro 615 os along river south of Zamora, alt. 1000 m, 24 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P.
Jesup, A. Jesup “3 A. Hirtz 16138 (MO).

PERU: Dept. of Junin: tidhone Valley, a alt. 1800 m, 4 1929, C. Schunke 1158 (AMES, F).
Dept. of Hua Ri IlaPichis 860 m, 26 July 1969, F. Wake 12383
(NA).

BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Larecaja, Alto Llipi, alt. 1700 m, collected Aug. 1991, foment 3 in cultiva-
tion in Quito by A. Hirtz 5694 (MO).

BRAZIL: Edo. Sao Paulo, Estag&o Biologica do Alto da Serra, 2 Oct. 1921, A. Gehrt 7965 (holotype of
P. anomala: SP).
COLOMBIA: of Antioquia: Bricefio, Rio Espirito Santo, 21 May 1963, flowered at Colomborqui-
deas, 16 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13188 (MO); Dabeiba, alt. 1280 m, collected by M. Robledo, flowered in
cultivation at La Ceja, 16 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13194 (MO); Dept. of Choos, Rio Baudé near Pt. Pizarro,
11 Feb. 1967, H. P. Fuchs & L. Zanella 22178 (K). Dept. of Valle del Cauca: Alto de Los Galapagos,
alt. 2050 m, tx Ae! 1993, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar, A. DeWilde & Julian 16811 (MO). Dept. of
Narifio: without specific locality, obtained from J. L. Aguirre, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT,
31 May 1997, ¢ ¥e mr? 18512 (MO).

VENEZUE

87, :
tro Aracamuni. 1550 m, 18 Oct. 1987, R. L. Liesner & F. Delascio 22128 (MO, ;

CUBA: 1861, C. Wright ry piste 1861-64, C. Wright 3341 (AMES, G, K); Santa Clara, Lomas de
Banao, May 1920, Fr. Luna MES, NY); Las Villas, Guanijibe, Zuleta, June 1949, A. Alonso
~~, 9 (AMES); Sierra de Cen, graney Apr. 1956, Hno. ery J Acufia & M. Lopez 5452 (AMES).
CA: without locality, 1857, Mr. Wilson 160 (holotype of P. foliata: K). :
aspece PUBLIC: Bonao, Casabito, D. Dod 27 (USD), Villa Altagracia, Loma de Siete Cabe-
zas, D. Dod 1251 (JBSD); El Valle, Los Haitises, — D. Dod 1255 (JBSD).
¥ if de la Houte,

cacao trees,
oadwayi: AMES; isolectotype: K), C. Luer illustr. 16279: W. E. Broadway
Ne enya Bois de ial were monte Haut-Matouba, alt. 810 m, 11 Apr. 1904, R. P. Duss 4192
otype of P. guadalupensis: BR; isotypes: AMES, NY).
MARTINIQUE: Donis Donis-Balata, alt. 500 m, 10 Sept. 1937, H. Stehlé 2139
ST. KITTS: Camps Mt., alt. 3000 ft., 3 Jan. 1968, R.A. Howard & LI. Nevling 16874 (AMES). 2
PANAMA: Cana and vicky alt, 2000-6500 ft., 17 April-8 June 1908, R. S. Williams 976 (holotype
P. williamsii: AMES; isotype: NY). Prov. of Bocas del Toro: forest between Fortuna and Chiriqui
Grande, alt. 350 m, 17 Feb. 1985, C tae d Lah R. Dressler & K. Dressler 10609 (MO). or
COSTA RICA: Without local, 1868, A. Endres 50, 65, 192, 238, 283 (W)s without locality, 24
207 (AMES Alajuela: Alfero Ruiz, La Pefia de Zarcero, alt. 1400 m, va Be
A. Smith H-541 (AMES); Fie Finca rhe Voledn Poés, alt. 2200 m, 1 May 1949, L. 0. Williams 1660
(AMES Si Piedades de San Ramon, alt. 1025 m, 10 June 1926, A. M. Brenes 1484 aned hay
iif omeges near Rio Pejibaye, alt. 750 m, 1 Oct. 1972, R. W. Lent 2965 (CR); tas ny
28 arp 978, C. Todzia 291 (CR); Cerro de La Carpintera, alt. 1500-1800 m, Feb. 1924, P.C.

6000 ft., 3 Apr.
Ramén, alt. 1180 m, 4 Nov. 1924, A. M. Brenes 2296, 2693 (CR); between

58 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Santa Clara, alt. 1080-1200 m, 27 July 1983, R. Escobar & M. Perez 3098 (CR, SEL); Rincén da la
Vieja, 22 Sept. 1984, R. L. Dressler 32 (CR); Cordillera de Talamanca, alt. 1900 m, 17 Apr. 1949, L. O.
Williams 16373 (AMES), Cerr Muerte, collected by Wubben, flowered in cultivation in Holland,
ia: Cerros de Zurqui, northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 m, 3
Mar. 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 50794, 50821 (AMES); Cerro de Las Caricias, north of San
Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 m, C. C. Standley & J. Valerio 52478 (AMES); Los Cartagos, alt. 1900-2000 m,
: . of Limé é : i i a 5
1991, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 835 (CR, SEL). Prov. of San José: La Hondura, alt. 1300-1700 m, 2 Mar.
» P.C. Standley 36565 (AMES); San Cristobal, alt. 1800 m, 22 June 1981, C. Luer, A. Luer & L. D.
CR,
Volcan Mombacho, alt. 1100 m, J. Atwood 12, 307 (HNMN). Prov. of
f a Grade, alt. 1260 m, A. Heller 6325 (SEL).

thea Prov. of Cortes: Santa Cruz de Yojoa, alt. 2000 ft., 18 Nov. 1933, J. B. Edwards 546, 599

EL SALVADOR: Dept. Santa Ana, Cerro Montecristo, alt. 2100 m, F. Hamer 942.
GUATEMALA: Prov. of Alta Verapaz: north of Chicayo near Coban, alt. 5000 ft., Jan. 1878, H. von
Tiirckheim 50 (W); near O. Archila, flowered in cultivation in Cobén, 29 Nov. 1990,
C. Luer 14879 (MO). Prov. of Guatemala: Volcan Pacaya above Las Calderas, P. C. Standley 58463
CO: Edo. Chiapas: Ocosingo, Laguna Ocotal Grande, alt. 950 m, 20 July-20 Aug. 1954, R. L.

°°. Ri

Dressler 1525 (AMES). Edo. Oaxaca: northwest of Pluma Hidalgo, Ri it 1100 m, 14 Apr.
1936, O. Nagel 6447 (AMES). g0, Rio Copalito, alt. m, 14 Apr.

The concept treated here as T. duraisa common, variable species or species-
complex widely distributed from southern Mexico through Central America, the
Antilles and the Andes. For the past century, it has been generally recognized as a
separate species in each of the three great realms of its distribution. Caribbean
collections are customarily identified as T foliata, Central American collections, as

from Trinj

preserved in liquid from humerous, distant localities in both Central and South
have been made. There are no differences that can be

dura are more or less Ccaespitose, but the ramicauls
usually Proliferate One or two more ramicauls, so that “stems” may bear a few

icauls are formed. The

apex is cellular-glandular in vary-

ing de . The i i
reabe Th oe 1s abruptly and broadly winged above the middle, but

Biy.: From the Latin fascioaana oe tts SP med a ts
Planta parva caespitosa, pedunculie wail... - ES ere
Purpureis glabris ovatis $ epalis

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 59

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-25 mm long, enclosed
by 4-5 microscopically owteener > lepanthifom sheaths. _Leaf erect, ane aeny amr ag elliptical,
to mm lon i

cence successively 1-flowered, = ae ning 13-17 mm long, bome i ina fakcinie from near the
apex of the — floral bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals red-
purple, glabrous, subcarinate, oe mig sepal ovate, concave, 8.5 mm 1 long, 2 15 ‘mm wide, 3-veined,
connate to the eters sepals for
long, the lateral sepals ona au acute, ‘oblique, 7. 51 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 1 mm,
each 1-veined, the margins above the middle involute to form a tube; petals oblong-obovate, broadly ob-
tuse, aa te ip 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip orange, t thick, obovate, 2.6 mm long, 1.5 mm ~_ -
ll, obscure callus

apex
i

shallowly ’ — s bcordat i d to th 1 : foot; coun rae a
mm long, see) above the middle, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora dillera del Condor, epiphytic in cloud forest east of I
Encuentros, alt. 1550 m, 18 TK 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. ‘Andreetta & W. mes: 13467
(Holotype: MO); same area, alt. 1650 m, 13 Feb. 1993, D. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & H. Wanntorp 1908 (MO).

This species with a fascicle of single-flowered inflorescences is known only
from the Cordillera del Condor in southeastern Ecuador. Very few species of the
genus are single-flowered. Several, successive peduncles slightly longer than the
leaf are borne in a fascicle from the apex of the ramicaul. The sepals are red-purple
and shortly caudate. The petals are obtuse. The lip is orange and obovate with a
broadly rounded apex.

Trichosalpinx fissa Luer, oe nov. PC ee ahs Pies ck ee
Ety.: From the Latin fissus, “ ing to the deep fi the lig
Planta parva repens, a to plurifloro foliis anguste ellipticis duplo vel triplolongiore, flori-

bus en es: sepalis gl: lis oblongis, et labell trilobato, lobis rotun-

datis crassis, profunde Ph me inter lobos Sep MEAN
Plant small, ina shortly repent, the rhizome 4-8 mm long between ramicauls; roots slender.

Ramicauls erect, -15 mm long, enclosed by: 2 pete HE: ciliate-scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths.
Leaf erect, thick ckly ~ mm long, 4-7 mm wide, cuneate below
into a petiole 1 ee long. Inflorescence an 2 vay secund, subdense, raceme of yellow, cleistogamous

flowers, up to 7 cm long, including the filiform eeu 3 cm long, from near the apex of the rami-
caul; floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals glabrous, fleshy, Aigo
rsal sepal ovate, acute, deeply concave, 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, the
sepals narrowly ovate, acute, 4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, l-veined, connate 2.5 mm; petals ceeepauig:
oblong, obtuse, 2. 25 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 1-veined; lip a. _—- rac sey
b roun
cash the apical lobe ° thick, rounded, the 1 lateral lobes $ erect, nbaene La nigene ee: Sade

cate, hinged to the column- foot; column terete, 2 mm long, the anther pede anyraer sara te

ECUADOR: Prov. of A a howe | Zorrogucho alt. 3200 m, 17 Mar.
1984, C. it 9534 (Holotype: MO). ;
>. Pager Her Ku ee phe @ alt ne, 6000 ft., Aug. 1963, G.C.K. Dunsterville

illustr. 799,

This little species, known from southern Ecuador, was illustrated by Dunster-
ville in 1963 in Venezuela. It is recognized by the shortly repent habit, narrowly
elliptical leaves, and a slender raceme of several, yellow, cleistogamous flowers.
- Most distinguishing is the three-lobed lip that is deeply cleft between the thickened
bases of the lateral lobes. The cleft was not seen by Duns

Fig. 48.
Trichosalpinx fruticosa Luer, sp. no &
Ety.: oe near ee orenre > “bushy,” in <p e to the habit.
Plant: - libus proliferantibus, racemo plurifloro foliis .
longiori, sepals glabris Laat ovatis acuminatis, wel anguste ovatis obliquis acutis,
trilobo disco

60 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Dienst es : . ae War erect, branching, antn 1% tall te elend,
ig

SS ne ending, prolific 1 f I te, 05-7 cm gh
7 * 1, a 1 ee oe < 3h y 2-8 1 4 lepa hrf,

microscopically scabrous. ascending to Cee ee. elliptical, obtuse, 10-17 mm long,
6-7 mm wide, So eeonp tate iam _Inflorescence a loose oose, simultaneously few-

flowered raceme 2.5-3 cm lon 1 . 0.5 cm long, 5 BAP peta
Carinate, the padusayentes re ovate, acute, attenuate, bit ap py 3-veined, connate to
the lateral sepals for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals free, narro wly triangular, oblique, 10 mm long, | mm
wide, each narrowly ovat » oblique, acute, 3 mm long, a penn 1-
veined: lip white, oblong -tibbed, 3.25 wa lng, 1.25 mm api

half thick, narrowly ob al half with low, broadly rounded, erect erect oe
difficult to to expand, the dis di ith a] t idle, the base sub-

truncate, erent to the column-foot; column terete, 1.25 mm 1 long, without wings, the anther subapical,
the sti

COSTA RICA: Prov. of San José: José: epiphytic on “Sa del Muerte, alt. 2400 m, 21 Mar. 1986, collected
W. Ballesteros, C. Luer preg (Holotype: MO)

GUATEMALA: Prov, of fera Paz: eat near Coban by O. Archilla, flowered in cultivation 29

sss 1990, C. Luer 7 14876 (Mt (M0).

SATVANND

alt. 2100 m, Aug. 1978, F. Hamer 667 (MO).

Although apparently rare, this species has been found in Guatemala, Costa Rica
and Gl Salvador. In habit, i it is similar ‘to Yi siete, and without doubt, it has

attenuate sepals. Trichosalpinx fruticosa, however, is distinguished from all others
by acute instead of Fevers petals, and a narrow lip with a distinctive, longitudinal
carina the ce

Tees gentryi Luer, + te Fig. 49.
Ety.: Named in honor of the late A Se co-discoverer of this species.

Species haec T. durae (Lindl. Luer affinis, sed fl i ellipti
spalo ltr ingular majo, eas above cabal ne cePae dona liptico quam
Plant small, epiphytic, scandent; roots slen der. Ramicauls erect, rolific, 5 or more superposed,
each ramicaul 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed i by 5-6 microscopically plead ae lepanthiform seis with
erect, to elliptical, obtuse, 10-16 mm long, 6-9 ide,
coni a petiole 1 mm long. Inflor. a loose, si several-flowered

, 2.5 mm 1.2 mm wide, 3-veined,
imei : €, acute, 2 mm long, 0.6 ‘wide, 1-eck
obovate, long, 0.4 mm wide, 1-v
sila Wide. ih ae hiaca? aly ee ee rae ago, alo
lar-glandular, rounded, the disc with a longitudinal calli within 1 the ane
to *
Parsi eg ng foot; column Column terete, broadly winged above the middle, 1.25 fam lexe,

PERU: Dept. of ‘Pasco: Northwest of Villa Rica toward
an sees on ah oe hp pace wT Tear 1982, A.

, - The lips of the two spe-
fi , the
Seniryi is deeply sulcate between an oie led iaa in sig of the lip of T.

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 61

bc oacppentoey hamiltonii Luer, sp. nov Fig. 50.
Named in honor of A. C. Hamilton who with P. M. Holligan discovered this species.
Past parva caespitosa, ramicaulibus agp at — hemarspot parvo alone racemis

_s £ Te al
ae 1. Tahatan As 1 err

Plant small, epiphytic, sr roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-7 mm long, enclosed
by 6-7 closely appressed, microscopically scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,
ar with purple beneath, elliptical, subacute, 14-16 mm long penis: the petiole 2-3 mm long, 4-5

, cuneate below into the petiole. I 3- to 4-flow-
iad raceme, 5-7 cm long, including the filiform peduncle 2.5 34 cm ng from near the apex of the
ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent
red or yellow, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, slightly acuminate, 8-9 fee 3.2
mm wide, 3-veined, free fi the lateral 1 , acute, 9-10 mm
long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 1 5 mm; petals translucent, elliptical, obtuse, mp 2mm
wide, 1-veined; lip red or yellow, elliptical-ovate, obscurely 3-lobed, 5. mm long, 2 mm wide expanded,
the apex narrowly rounded, with obscure, suberec rect, t | third, the base
slightly ungui lat Or 1 Veht ee fee , hinged t th Jumn-foot;
column terete, slender, 2mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

U: Dept. of San Martin: Huallaga, valley of Rio Apisoncho, alt. 3600 m, 12 Aug. 1965, A. C. Hamil-
io ey M. Holligan 1265 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 16400; same locality and date, A. C. Hamil-
ton & P. M. Holligan 1263, 1264 (K).

This species is apparently endemic at a high altitude in northcentral Peru where
it was collected on the Cambridge Botanical Expedition to northem Peru in 1965. It
is distinguished by slender ramicauls much longer than the small, elliptical leaves.
The few-flowered, loose, strict raceme, accompanied by two to four old, spent
racemes, far surpass the leaf. The proportionately large flowers vary in color from
red to yellow on the specimens collected and segregated by Hamilton. The sepals
are acute, and the petals and lip are elliptical and obtuse. A keel is present on the
subunguiculate base of the lip.

Trichosalpinx hirtzii Luer, sp. no _ ‘Rg. 51.
Ety.: Named in honor of Alexander C Hina of Quito, Badr, who discover ts cis

+

&
vey 7 a wes

8 ead que Ban tis sub Lapem io rhusto, lob antico ovato, lobis lateralibus erectis
mi lhe

base. Ramicauls
t small, ¢ ¢, prolific, pendent, to 30 cm long; roots slender at the base.
eka slender gle onpene o a x, 15-20 mm long, caconed by 3-4 red,
closely appressed, microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf descending, thickly coriaceous,
narrowly elliptical, fusiform, acute, 22-32 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3 mm thick, cuneate below into @
petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, successively 2- to 3-flowered raceme, phn ph includ-
ing the fili ‘omm peduncle 8-10 mm lon the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1- er
aoe 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm mn long; sepals translucent Lig glabrous, subcarinate, ov =
with subacute, slightly thickened apices, the dorsal sepal 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, ——r connate
the lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the laveral sepals 5mm long, 2 man wide, 1-veined, connate 7 ——
purple, ovate, subacute, 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip dark purple, —_—_
; the api constricted

de expan: ly
ded with an obtuse,
| ‘glandular, th the lateral lobes erect, broadly roun Z ofthe Imteal lobes, the bass moa
liad Gee one aer conceen>, 2 mm long, the anther apical, the
st of Loja alt. 2250

at Zamoara-.(t

m, 25 Jan, 1992, C. Luer, J. panera A. pry) grapes ena

62 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This rare species found in southern Ecuador, is distinguished by long, flexible,
pendent chains of red ramicauls and green, fusiform leaves. The pendent, purple
flower is produced successively in a hanging, few-flowered shorter the
leaf. The sepals and petals are simple, but the lip is deeply trilobed. The anterior
sages is Eis ovale, , constricted at the base and cellular-glandular, while the lateral lobes

eh SAA
Sw BREN DERRY,

Trichosalpinx i jui pala (C fc Scawrelnt.) [an wer , Phytologia 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 52.
Bee - Pi : fus. Leafi. 10: 180, 1942.
oe Ety.: me ane “rhe pl Seer tee apeniey in einer the
Plant very ry small, epiphytic, eacapitoee: roots iets dla: Ramicauls erect, slender, occasionally prolif-
ic in the type, 20 mm lng, enclosed by 25 closely appressed, epnthiform sheaths wih clits esti,
Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, to obtuse, 8- ~10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, contracted
below into a petiole 1 mm mm long. Inflores 3-6 mm
cute fhe peduncle -2mm long, rom near he ape of ical or ral bracts | mm long;
mm 3 inate
Scaled ing ovate, 2, deeply concave, 2.5 mm long, 2mm wide expanded, obscurely 3-veined, with the
apex contracted i mm long, to sepals

the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot: column te, terete, stout, 0.66 mm with a
penpeey the anther subapical, the stigma ventral. oa

PERU: Dept. of Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, alturas del Chaco, alt. 3666 m, 12 Ang. 1928, F. L. Herrera

> 4sotype:
BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Nor Yungas, epiphytic near the pass at Chuspipata between Unduavi and

Coroico, alt. 3000 m, collected in Aug. 1991 by A.
1991, A. Hits 5579 (MO).C tas esa Ly A: Hintz et al., flowered in cultivation in Quito, Dec.

This little species occurs in southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia. It is
characterized by the short, few-flowered raceme of tiny flowers with a proportion-
ately large, » deeply concave dorsal sepal with with a short tail. The petals are oblique and
acute, and the lip is elliptical-ovate or rhomboid with a subacute apex.

Trichosalpinx i ee (Lindl. Lu i
Jaen, er, fa hes hg 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 53.

Re dbiitibpietigcts of the type.

flexuous, more or less

pedench 2-2 Senko + to 6-flowered raceme, 3-6 cm long, including the filiform
mm long; ovary 1 mm k sepals * + Horal bracts 1- -1.5 mm long; pedicels 4-8
below the middle, long: tana pe the ovate

yellow,
= ee: acute, long-acuminate, 56.5 mm — 1.5-2 mm wide, an any ty oa
> lateral sepals, : lateral linear. acute, 5-6 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, 1. 1-
Iv 5 on cliptica, oblique, 1.75-2.25 mm long, 0.6-0.75 mm wide,

| 1, £Y

hinged to the column-foot: umn terete, |- Treweey Shite

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 63

VENEZUELA: Edo. Mérida: Mérida, alt. 1600 m, 1842, J. Linden 668 eas loa Ki} sotypes: yr
BR, G, W); Paéramo La Negra, 15 Apr. 1954, V. Vareschi 3274 (AMES). Edo. Peninsula de
re 760-1000 m, 24 Feb. 1980, J. A. Steyermark, R. Liesner & V. Carretto Ppreet (MO, VEN). "Bie
Lape Carache, Paramo Jabon, alt. 3150 m, 28 May 1988, L. J. Dorr, L. C. Bennett, R. Rivera & W.
33 (AMES,

Sor OMbIA: Mariquita, 1849, J. Triana 122 (K, W); Dept : without locality, G. Sc.

chen s.n. (W). Dept. of Cauca: Munchique, alt. 3000 m, 25 ssa 1939, K. von Sneidern 2036 68)
without locality, F. C. Lehmann 283 (W). Dept. of Chocé: San José del Palmar, Cerro del T.
2050 m, 10 Jan. 1984, F. A. Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 1740 (CUVC, MO); alt. ca. 1950 m, 8 Aug. iat
F.A, Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 4148 (CUVC, MO); same area, alt. 2500 m, 25 Aug. 1988, F. A. Silver-
stone-Sopkin et al. 4791 (CUVC, MO). Dept. eee near Guti tiérrez, alt, 2800-3000 m, 2
Apr. 1950 m, M. pete 268 (AMES, S). De bove Villacaro,
alt. 2400 m, 5 May 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Phe & E. Valencia 7737 pen Paramo de Jurisdic-
ciones, alt. 3150 m, 10 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, E. Escobar & E. Valencia 10234 (MO); Alto de
Mefue north of Toledo, alt. 600 m, 12 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, E. Escobar & E. Valencia 10294
(MO). Be ot Sees a Enna eee west peak, alt. 2100-2400 m, 11 Sept. 1922, E.
P. Killip 11403 (AMES,

ECUADOR: Prov. of Azoay: west slopes of Cuenca around Shagal, alt. 2200-2500 a? Oct. 1892, F.C.
Lehmann s.n. (K), C. Luer illustr. 16402. Prov. of Bolivar: between Chillanes and icente, alt. 2100
m, Feb. 1991, flowered in cultivation at Chamblee, GA, F L. Stevenson 92-0228-3 3 (10). Pr Prov. of Loja:
NW of El Cisne, alt. 2400 m, 19 Feb. 1988, U. Molau & B 88 (GB). Prov. of Morona-Santia-
go: gens of ‘Sigsig, alt. 2400 m, 13 Jan. 1989, Gc. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. cheb A. Hirtz & S.
Ortega 1386. alt. 1600 m, 4 Feb. 1987, 6. bank
985, C.

Eis mae: (MO). Prov. of Napo: between Baeza and Tena, alt. 2050 m, 30 June 1
Dodson & A. Hirtz 15912 (MO); Volcan a: alt. 1900 ; m, mihi 1990, A. Hirtz 4815 (MO),
Voleén

. of Pas
1050 m, 27 Feb. 1985, C. H. Dadson, P.M. Dodson, D. Nei & J. Zaruma 15613 (MO), north of Mera,
alt. 1350 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11193 (MO); Rio Zufiag, allt. 2300 m,
Feb. 1990, A, Hirtz et al. 4858 (MO). Prov. of Pichincha: San Florencia, west slope of yrs ot
1800 m, F. C. Lehmann 354 (W). Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, east
alt. 1500 m, 20 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetia & W. Teague 13520 ey Nudo
de Sabanilla, above Valladolid, alt. 2800 m, 4 Feb. 1985, ei Harling & L. Andersson 215 569 (GB).
: Dept. of Cuzco: Convencién, Hda. Patrio Sapa Sachayoca, alt. 2200 m, 5 Mar. 1942, C. Vargas

2535 (AMES); Ajanacui, alt. 3400 m, 11 Dec. 1942, C. Vargas 3005 (CUZ, MO); La cer

ee Teresa and Chaullay, alt. 1200-2600 m, 1 Jan. 1988, P. Nufiez & Motocanchi 8819 (MO).
2 of Hudnuco: Rio LlullaPichis on ascent of Cerros del Sira, alt. 2100 m, 30 July 1969, T-R.

51 (NA).

This little species, first collected by Linden in 1842 in western Venezuela, is
frequent and variable in its wide distribution at medium to relatively high altitudes
in the Andes from Venezuela into central Peru. Closely related species are found
within its range as well as beyond its range. The ramicauls of T. intricata are
Slender and usually densely caespitose, occasionally with some ramicauls being
superposed. The capillary rachis, far surpassing the small, elliptical leaf, bears the
delicate flowers simultaneously on comparatively long pedicels in a loose, dis-
tichous raceme. The apices of the sepals are long-attenuate; the membranous petals
are subacute; and the lip is three-lobed below the middle with a tiny, mammillate
callus on the disc at the base of each lobe. A specimen with exceptionally long
Sepals, up to 15 mm long, was collected west of Cuenca a century ago.

A similar but sherirkte much smaller species with a similar lip and shorter,
fewer-flowered racemes is known as T. pusilla. Another very closely reer eal
Cies, T. scabridula, is distinguished by scandent, prolific ramicauls. Another

t species with larger, long-acuminate sepals is T. notosibirica.
Species but with lips lacking mammillate calli are known as 7. acremond, ©
lensis and T. multicuspidata. Occasional specimens intermediate between
cata and one of its relatives is encountered.

64 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx peherne Luer & Hirtz, sp. n Fig. 54.
Ety.: Named cle the community of Jimbura in ‘Teed Ecuador near the locality oe Res this

species was discov:
Species haec i pusillae (H.B.K.) Luer affinis, sed foliis is leviter majoribus, racemis fasciculatis folio

Plant small, epiphytic, densely oe roots ratory Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-2 cm long,
enclosed by 3 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical,

subacute or obtuse, 8-13 mm long including a a petiole 2-3 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, ite below into the
petiole. Inflorescence a fascicle of 3-5 loose, se, successively 2- to 3-flowered racemes 3-6 mm long i in-
mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; 0.75 ] II ie

. glabrous,
subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ov: ovate-triangular, concave, ‘acute, lightly acuminate, P euhinar 2.5 mm
wide, 3-v ~veined, barely connate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals narrowly trian angular, oblique, acute,
5.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, each 1-veined, connate 1.5 mm; petals light yellow, translucent, elliptical,
acute, oblique, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; tte pe oblong, sub-trilobed, 2.5 mm long, 1
mm wide, the apical lobe oblong, cellular, with the apex rounded, the lateral lobes below the middle,

erect, .
Ga Gaak ehias Wnatanuane, , hinged to th 1 foot; colum i t , 2mm long, the

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora ora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in scrubby cloud forest above Jimbura, alt 3350 m,
21 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer ijer & J. Kuijt 9648 (Holotype: MO).

is apparently endemic ina high-altitude elfin forest in southernmost
Ecuador, where several other species of the genus are also apparently endemic.
Vegetatively, the plants are small, densely caespitose with elliptical-petiolate
leaves. The short inflorescences, shorter than the leaves, are produced in fascicles.
hase flowers are similar to those of T. pusilla, but the basal lobes of the lip are low

picuous with alli at their forward angles with the middle lobe.
i lamellata Luer, Sp. nov. Fig. 55
ig- 55.
Bty.: aay vp psupem boned Feedergat Dee cerry eed te Be
ns Barve Caespitosa, racem giore, sepalis
siete dicots it . petals ¢ obtusis, labello trilobato, be obtusis infra

Pan seal ey » caespitose; ree Ramicauls erect, 10-30 mm long, enclosed by 3-4
microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, gray-green n with red midvein, ein, thickly i
ng bee 10-18 mm long, 2-4 mm wide

filiform pedune e1- 15 cm kong a cimakecuy 5 106 fowsed means 3 $$ as ne, Machete Oe

tip, the lateral middle, low, erect, broadly rounded, the disc w; :

dinal, » entire lamella on the basal half, the base hinged to the column-f. disc with a tall, longitu-
truncate, = ia tiie

long, the anther subapical, the the stigma ventral, the foot less than 1 5 \ men: »2

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: Cachiyacu, south

652 (Holotype: MO); same ae angana, alt. 2250 m, Heyl Hee D. D’ Alessandro

(SEL); Cajanuma, south of Loja, alt. alt. 2400 m, R. i or ete oka D. D’ Alessandro 6215
This species is similar to

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 65

gray-green suffused with red along the midvein. The secund raceme is considerably
longer than the leaves. The three-lobed lip similar to that of all its relatives except
that it lacks mammillate calli at the front angle of the lateral lobes, and possesses
instead a tall, midline lamella on the basal half. The lip is similar to that of T. tenuis
except that the tall callus of the latter is much lower, and grooved or cleft.

Trichosalpinx lenticularis (Luer) Luer, comb. nov. Fig. 56.
Bas.: Pleurothallis lenticularis Luer, Selbyana 3: 132, 1976.
Ety.: From the Latin lenticularis, “shaped like a lens,”’ in allusion to the shape of the leaf.
DE issn small, epiphytic, caespitose, occasionally : shortly prolific; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,
Tr, pex, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 3-4 Phew rei oo
— ciliate, lepanthiform 1m sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous with convex surfaces, often striped in
purple, elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 4-12 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 1 mm
. Inflorescence a solitary flower or a loose, 2- to occasionally 3-flowered raceme, 15-25 mm long
ing the filiform peduncle 10-15 mm lon, OS cectae wouen ene ee floral bracts 1-15 mm
ae pedicels about 4 mm long; ovary 0.5-0. "75 thin pals pale y Pp
fused with purple along the veins, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal t below the
middle, with the apex acute, acuminate, 9-10 mm 3 2-3 mm wide, 3-veined, —o connate to the
sen sepals, the lateral bg narrowly triangular, oblique, acute, 9-10 mm long, 1-1 25 mm res =
-veined,
tical, subacute to chun .3 3mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellowish, dyptgeccry suffused with

purple or brown, ovate-tril obed, 3.5-4 mm long, 1 1.5mm wih sown tele cal lobe oblong
third, low, erect, oblique, obtt and antrorse, the

disc with a low, rounded callus at the f d angles of the lobes, the b bunguiculate-truncate,

hinged tr th, 1 f eee s Tew a. “as : 9. mm lonc the foot anes: at. 4. 4 sti

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora-Chi fi st of th st of Loja, alt. 2700

m, oot 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 653 ita: SEL); at the pass s between cn and

m, 21 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10716 (MO); Nudo de de Sabanilla, above

lid, alt. 2800 m, 4 Feb. 1985, G. Harling & A. Andersson 2 cae (GB). Horta-Naque, alt. 3500 m, 9 Nov.
1946, R. Espinosa 987 (AMES, LOJA). Prov. of Loja: e pass and Zamora, alt.
2400-2700 m, a a 1979, B. Lojtnant, A. & U. Molau "13036 (AAU, GB). Parqué Naciondl Podocar-
pus, 0 m, 23 Feb. 1985. Pilgaard et al. 57999 (AAU); same area, alt. 2800-3000 m, 14 ae
1988, B. Dllgaard et al. 74089 (AAU); same area, alt. 2900-3000 m, 10 Apr. 1989, J. E. Madsen e
(AAU); Cerro Toledo SE of Yangana, alt. 3000-3200 m, 6 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson ae
(GB); south of Yangana, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10873 (MO),

bad oo is apparently endemic in the windswept elfin forests at high al-
Ecuador. It occurs within the wide distribution of T. pusilla,

to which it is closely allied. Trichosalpinx lenticularis is distinguish hed from the
latter by the larger habit with larger flowers with purple-striped sepals ten millimet-
ers long. Both species are characterized by a three-lobed lip with calli

at the forward angles of the lobes.
i Fig. 57.
ligulata Luer & Hirtz, sp. n

Ety.: teak apes ead “ligulate,” said tothe tongue-shaped lip. eet she

bam haec T. intricata dl.) Luer affinis, sed florib ij s

Jano differt e (Lindl.)
enclosed by 3-5
small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 5-17 mm long,

copically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, red-purple, ceaagey eaeede broadly ony

21a et ts me

seo ig 3-4.5 mm wide, contracted below in into a petiole | mm long.
p to 2.5 cm! g, including the

66 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

from near the apex of th icaul; floral t 1 mm long; pedicels 4-6 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;
sepals white, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, concave, acute, long-acuminate, 15
mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, te to the 1 1 Is for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals narrowly

ovate, 15 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 1 mm; petals obovate, obtuse, subun-
guiculate, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip white, oblong, 4.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with the
margins obscurely ied above the apex rounded, the disc featureless, the base narrowly
truncate, hinged to th foot; coh » 2mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Morona-Santiago: epiphytic in cloud forest at the pass above San Juan Bosco
toward Gualaceo, alt. 2350 m, 28 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10993 (Holotype:
MO); epiphytic in cloud forest east of Gualaceo above Limén, alt. 2150 m, 16 May 1988, C. Luer, A.
Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetia & W. Teague 13400 (MO). Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del
Condor, epiphytic in forest east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1800 m, 22 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup
& A. Jesup 14049 (MO).

In habit, this species of the eastern declivities of the Andes of Ecuador is similar
the relatively frequent and widely distributed T. intricata. Trichosalpinx ligulata
differs in having flowers with longer sepaline tails, and an essentially lobeless lip
without the pair of characteristic mammillate calli found on the disc near the for-
ward angles of the lobes of the lip of T. intricata.

i ‘ macphersonii Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 58.
mee Named in honor of Dr. Gordon McPherson of the Missouri Botanical Garden, who discovered
species,
Species haec T. scabridulae (Rolfe) Luer similis. sed fol initik badedbtes deadlechletie on eanei
caulium vaginarum ostii All s+ Frage Mah Ss 5

Plant very small, epiphytic, prolific; roots slender at the base, Ramicauls erect, slender, producing
another ramical from the apex, 6-8 mm long, enclosed by 3-4 lepanthiform bee with long-ciliate,
dilated ostia. Leaf ous, with margins minutely denticulate
» 7-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, broadly

oose, subflexuous, simultane-

> tips, > €, sepal
concave below the middle, acute, acuminate above the middle, 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined,
barely » the fonnate at the base, narrowly triangular, attenuate,

hig i angle of the
cloves, abenn, tuts sbove the bas, tho bute immoate, hinged on hn ee
cal he stigma vena ney NEE the apex, mm long te fost OS ane ae

PANAMA: Prov. of Panama: icini of Cer Jef.
(Holotype: MO), C. Luerilluste, 1739, ® 8700-800 m, 23 July 1988, G. McPherson 12777

This little species is known from only a si i i
Y a Single specimen that was collected in
1988 by Gordon McPherson i a well-botanized area near Panama City. The inflor-
Fires te vu? Similar in all respects to that of the An

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 67

Trichosalpinx membraniflora CC. Schweinf. ) Luer, Sdyscio 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 59.
f,, Bot. Mus

Leafl. 5:9
By.: Paws the Latin membraniflorus, ‘ ‘with membranous flowers, x bre, the flowers.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect to suberect, prolific, often 2-3
superposed, each 10-20 mm long, enclosed by 3-4 microscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths.
co thickly co coriaceous, with minutely den colals, bone neees Siete een eer eee
contracted below into a un Imm n long. Inflorescence a loose, successively 3- to 4-flow-
cred raceme, 10-15 mm long, i duncl riankwapecwere ss pred 1%

glabrous, carinate, we dorsal as ovate

sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, 2.25 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, a fa

basally; petals igatieons elliptical, subacute, vos 75 om long, 0.2 mm wide, , without avein ip ple send
yellow, elliptical-oblong, 1.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wi
ened with 3 veins, the base broadly rounded, hinged to the he col foo column terete, > with ea
antrorse wings, 0.75 mm long, with a pair of obt

between the columnar wings, the stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Alajuela: Palmira, San Pedro de San Ramé6n, 29 July 1935, A. M. Brenes 20571
: AMES).

AMA: Prov. of e above El Valle, alt. 1000 m, 2 Sept. 1976, C. Luer
& H. Butcher 1121 it same area, rx 900: m, "20 Feb. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. peda K.
Dressler 11393 ).

Superficially, this little species is similar to T. dura in habit. Apparently unique,
however, are minutely denticulate margins of the leaves as found in many species of
orchids from Hispaniola. Otherwise, T. membraniflora is distinguished by the short
inflorescence that bears only three or four pale yellow, tiny flowers in slow succes-
sion. The sepals are carinate and acute; the minute, elliptical petals are without a
discernible vein; the lip is oblong with the apex and base broadly rounded; and the
disc of the lip is only slightly thickened with three veins. A pair of wings extends
forward from the apex of the column to flank the anther, similar to the columnar
wings of T. tropida.

gna py dpe cecnpaten ete Luer & Hirtz, sp. n Fig. 60.
metamorphos, “‘changing from rds. pene ane - * in reference to the two
“eat efoms

. a ie ° tethrevianbus. ramicall-
Wire font att. ea. 1 : nes cemis paucis is secundis saepe coaetaneis
folio longiore, sepalis glabris ; anguste ovatis acutis acuminatis, , petalis ellipticis acutis, is, labello gtsd

ee eeo, lobo anti ico oblongo apice rotundo, |

um

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Sterile ramicauls erect, er
Fe peereckond by 3-4 min hs inf
i cm long, enclosed by 6-7 coarsely pubescent, lepan sheaths.
pect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elli ical, acute, 20-25 mm long, 3-4 mm et ee ee
bse aman erect, thickly coriaceous, narscwly elliptical, acute, 12-15 mm long, 3 mm
ee ; 1 or 2 simultaneous, secund, several-flowered
rcemes 3.35 om & petiole 1- 2 mm long. Inflorescence Lor 2 ae omy near he apex ofa infloes-
iat long; ;
van. calla log ies 13mm oo wecatee ts
mm wide, Toced dekiacae to the lateral sepals for 05 mm, oak narrowly triangular,
ined; petals white with purple midvein,

» 8 mm long, 1 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm, each
mm long, 1.4 mm wide; ri hit with the conte parle, ovate, -
«St ng Sain wide so e lobes, , the apical potion oblong with he 9 we out
, the disc with a Ww fourth
above the base, the base narrowly . , hi ~ th 1 os t; eniumn terete 1.5 mm long, the
t subapical, the stigma ventral.

68 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: epiphytic in cloud forest above Jimbura, alt. 3350 m, 22 Mar. 1984, C. Luer,
A. Hirtz, $. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer & J. Kuijt 9639 (Holotype: MO).

flowers are not unusual for the subgenus Tubella. The ovate lip possesses a
tall, longitudinal lamella ab the base.

Trichosalpinx montana (Barb.Rodr.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 61.
Bas.: Lepanthes montana Barb.Rodr,, Gen. Sp. Orchid Now fas 1877.
By. From the Latin montanus, “montane,” referring to the habitat.
Syn.: Pleurothallis colina Cogn.,

Fl. Bras, 3(4); 582, 1896, not P. montana Barb.Rodr.
Ety.: From the Latin collinus, “of the hills,” referring to the habitat.

Syn.: Lepanthes ! Barb.Rodr., Vellosia 1, ed. 2: 119, 1891.
Biy.: From the Latin quartzicola, “dwelling upon quartz,” referring to the habitat.
Syn.: Pleuronth-li;. Foal (Deak

Rodr.) Cogn., Fl. Bras 3(4); 581, 1896,

Sun - Di ee ee a 2 +. > tee

y I y Scnitr., Arch. Bot. Sao Paulo 1: 218, 1926.
Ety.: From the Greek lepanthipodos, “with the i
gS © Tovah. Jon’ AS Ele ee

base of a Lepanthes,” referring to the ramicaul.
q ( dr.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 397, 1983.
Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose: roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-9 cm long,
gl

quently of uitancously, from near the apex

) 8; 2 4mm long; ovary 1.25 mm long; sepals yellow,

acuminate 10a nn att Purple along the vein, labrous, eepmtae jh ovate, acute, long-
bifid Lanai eo nm long, 3-4 mm wide, 3-veined. the i into an

i lobes erect, uncinate, the disc with ir of low, thick
Fa. {rom the bases of the lobes extending to about the middle ge yarty seewhipeb mele tapet ae 4
enn LS2mlon te hr bap te pn ea eed col
forsee, Sarno, Minas Gens: epiphytic near Capivary B i otype: ); li ic i
forest, Serra de San José dEl-Rei. 8 Rodrigues s.n. three Stow 3) ergs de
neat Pein age mage, teas Theesopolis 18
Petropolis, in cultivation at Orquideario Bi 30 Nov.
1989, C. Luer 14530B (MO). Edo. ina: 20 Aaa
Santa Catarina: Mar. 1951, P.
Sao Paulo: Alto da Serra, 21 Apr. 1920 F.C. Hohn 3908 Gos, sedi eran atn
Fret ciltivated in Los Altos Hills, CA, 14 Dee 107s
Grande, | by A. Gomes-Ferreira, 15 June 1983,
3418, 23 May 1986, C. Luer LI610A (MO).

Trichosalpinx montana is distinguished by

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 69

exceeded by a lax, flexible, arching, successively flowered raceme (simultaneously
flowered in T. dirhamphis); and long-acuminate sepals with the laterals connate to
about the middle into an ovate blade (the lateral sepals of T. dirhamphis are free and
spreading). The petals are obtuse with the apical margin more or less irregular.
The variations of the lips of the two species are the same. They are distinctive with
an erect pair of uncinate basal lobes.

Trichosalpinx multicuspidata ch. f.) Luer, foes 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 62.
Linnaea 41: 117

Ety.: From the Latin multicuspidatus, sar oe hee HERD SELENE LAO Y
the raceme with many long tails of the

Plant small to medium in size, ere caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender,
c, 1-5 cm long, enclosed by 4-5 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly cori
elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 12-24 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, contracted below into a petiole 1-3 ona
long. Inflorescence a loose, distichous, flexuous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme 5-7 cm long
including the peduncle 1.5-2 cm long, from near the apex of a ramicaul; floral bracts 1.5-2 mm long;
pedicels 5-8 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate,
cay + Jong acuminate, concave below, A2- 18 mm long including the filiform tail, 2.5-3 mm pasa 3-

acute, 3 tapas , 12-17 mm long deedowede is orm tail, 0.75 mm ‘wide, , connate 2: mm, each 1:
veined; petals membranous, elliptical, oblique, acute, 3 Ss mm long, L 5 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow,

trilobed, 3.2-4 mm long, 1.6-2 mm If oblong with the apex rounded,
.the basal half with lateral lobes erect, — rounded with antrorse, obtu at the middle, the
disc featureless, the base narrowly truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 2 mm long, the

anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: aa of Antioquia: Sonsén, G. Wallis s.n. (Holotype: W; isotype: AME

Boyaca: Sierra ada del Cocuy, alt. 2900-3100 m, 15- i6 Aug. 1957, P. J. Grubb & B. ae 514, 525

(K, US), C. ‘pe illustr. 9141. of Cundinamarca: Paramo de Zipaquiré, alt. 3200 m, 6 Aug. 1949,

M. Schneider 510a (S); Péramo de La Siberia, alt. 3350 m, 23 Aug. 1953, M. Schneider 510b (S); cloud

forest above Gutiérrez south of Bogoté, alt. 2850 m, 19 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 10387

(MO). Dept. of Tolima: west slopes of Alto de Osevas, alt. ee m, 11 Jan. 1883, F.C. Lehmann

dang of Narifio: Péramo del Tabano, Andes Orient., Pasto, 4 May 1876, E. André 3009 (K).
ty, paramo, alt. 2000 m, G. Wallis 335 (W).

VENEZUELA: Edo. Sucre: Peninsula de Paria, alt. 1000 m, 1 Mar. 1966, J. A. Steyermark 94805

( ). Edo. Tachira: Péram o de Tama, alt. 2500-2800 m, 15 july 1944, J. A. Steyermark 57293,

57356, 57394 (AMES). Without locality, Apr. woe8, G.C.E. ville 1072.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: “Loja.” Hilbsch s.n. (W); epiphytic in cloud forest above

Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10922 (MO).

This species, infrequent but widely distributed from coastal Venezuela and the
Eastern Cordillera of Colombia to southern Ecuador, is distinguished by the
medium-sized habit of densely caespitose, nonproliferating ramicauls with loose,
several-flowered racemes of comparatively large flowers with long, filiform sepa-
line tails. The lateral sepals are very narrow, and the petals are acute. The lip is
three-lobed with the erect, lateral lobes terminating at the middle with obtuse apic-
es, No calli are present.

aimee nana Liaged &C. rhe: Luer, Phytologia 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 63.
Ety.: From the Latin Latin manus, dwarf, ” to the sm:
yn.: Pleurothallis nana Ames & C. Schaal’ Saud Onl € 29, 1925.

70 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant very small, epiphytic, scandent, prolific, branching, erect to suberect, up to 20 cm or more
long; roots slender at the base. Rami 1 di ;: slender produ 7 +h +h

the filiform bra :
pedicels 2.5-3 mm long; ovary 0.25 mm long; sepals translucent white, glabrous, carinate, narrowly
triangular, acute, the dorsal sepal concave below the middle, 3-3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined, free

petals cal, obli

he Iau jones 0-5 mm wide across the lobes expanded, the apical lobe oblong with the apes rounder
dghate mashes erect, oblique, broadly rounded, below the middle, with the anterior margine of the tote
i thickened without forming a callus, the base t hinged to the col foot; column terete,
1mm long, the foot 0.25 mm long, the anther and the stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Cartago: Pejivalle, 16 May 1924, C. H. Lankester 865 (Holotype: AMES).
Prov. of Heredia: “saddle between Pods and Barba,” 12 May 1963, C. H. Lankester s.n. (MO, SEL), C.
Luer illustr, 17496,

This very rare, tiny, creeping species is extremely similar to the Andean T.
scabridula, differing mostly in the much smaller flowers. The calli at the forward
angle between the lateral lobes and the anterior lobe of the lip are barely discernible.

Trichosalpinx notosibirica (Hashimoto) Luer, Phytologia 54: 396, 1983. Fig. 64., 65.
Bas.: Pleurothallis ibiri i , Bull. Nalt. Sci. Mus. 4: 11, 1978.
Ety.: From the Greek noto-, “‘southem,”’ referring to the Bolivian Siberia where tt pecies was
: ee 1 to Asiatic Sibert

Syn.: Pleurothallis mastophora Luer & Vasquez, Phytologia 49: 209, 1981.
Bty.: From the Greek mastophoros, “breast-bearing,” in allusion to the calli of the lip.
Syn.: Trichosalpinx mastophora (Luer & Vasquez) Luer, Phytologia 54: 396, 1983.
to large, epiphytic, Scandent, up to 30 cm long: roots slender. Ramicauls prolific,
branching, up to 20 cm long below, 2-4 cm long above, enclosed by 2-7 closely appressed, ciliate, lep-
anthiform dilated ostia. suberect, cori re or with purple, ellip-

. re or less simultaneously several-flowered
floral ; including the filif cle 2-4 cm long, from near the apex of ramicaul;
bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 6-11 mm long: ovary 0.75-1 mm long; sepals translucent pale

with i dorsal ovate i

» mM
» Acute, acuminate, 10-20 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the
linear.

a See one; Obtuse to rounded, the disc with an obtuse ical callus at the

forward angle of each lateral lobe, the base 2 ; an » cont
1-5-2 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma eee et hinged to the column-foot: column terete,
poe: 9 ON as: 30 km west of Comasape, sie. 260m 11 Dec. 1974, Nishida, Ono,

em Ohga 01077 (Hi : ie * '. ,
toward : Ochabam .

isa porng ane 3504 (SEL); same area,
f APS 4 uez ); same area, alt. 1850 m, 17 Jan.
dra a uy 278 EL 1900 m, 15 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer,
oan. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Viggo tt Cloud forest northeast alt. 2840 m,
1978. RY, It (SEL. abandoned ot) (olotype of P.mastophora: SEL), seas ave oo Re

. Rae gv, League 18366A (MO). same i 2 Feb.

1997, C incon foe le DR A paaitte 18375 (MO). Dept. of La Paz: Sud fare,

Manon 5156 SEL) vit: 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Laer, R Vésquer & M.
U: not

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 71

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: south of Yangana north of the pass, alt. 2400 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J.
Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10889 (MO). Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: east of the pass east of Loja, alt.
2500 m, 21 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup & A. Hirtz 16084 (MO).

This species is common on much of the northern slopes of the Andes of Bolivia
at high altitudes, with an extension of the range into southern Ecuador. No speci-
men has yet been identified from intervening Peru. It was first identified as Pleuro-
thallis notosibirica in Bolivia by a team of Japanese botanists.

Trichosalpinx notosibirica is distinguished by the elongating branches of super-

that are exceeded by the long-pedicellate inflorescences of slender,
long-tailed flowers. The elliptical leaves at intervals along the stem are exceedingly
variable in size, varying from barely one centimeter to five centimeters long. A
plant of the latter with proportionately larger flowers was described as P. mas-
tophora (Fig. 65.). The lips with lobes below the middle with a pair of mammillate
calli are similar to those T. intricata and T. scabridula.

Trichosalpinx n eee | sg oe mip erases _ 396, 1983. Fig. 66.
_ Bas.: Pleurothallis nymp eae a
Ety.: fe gelaicomphe poe tien parts in all y tre
the cloud fores

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls suberect, 4-6 mm long, enclosed

by 2-3 deieately cl ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf spreading, thickly coriaceous, broadly ¢! elliptical soe

suborbicular, obtuse, 5-7 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, into a peti —

cen Pp y large flower bome si singly HH tly 2-fl d raceme, 10-17 / mm long
sarlewt.. a ros bed 4. £ < ys +. Fs) kL O77

4mm long; ovary 0. 5 mm long sepals transparent ere sabous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ares,
concave, the blade 7 mm lon av

form tail 4 mm lon the laced sopels coum henypemncberet sc nate px REET NE ST each I-
veined, the acute apices terminating in filiform tails 4 mm long; petals translucent yellow, obovate 8
a. obtuse, . - mm long Me ie 8 mm nw 1-veined; lip —s hapa TS | 4.25 mm long, 1.
mm Wi le, the api erect, roun >

cares, the dient icaen Saneie: everett inged to th lender, terete,
2.5 mm long, the anther subapical, the stigma ventral.
ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: a in cloud forest south of Yangana, alt. 2450 m, 12 May 1981, C.
Luer, J. Luer, et al. 6197 (Holotype: SEL).

thern Ecuador. It

is little species is known from only one forested area in sou
is distinguished by the tiny tuft of thick, broadly elliptical leaves that obscure 7
short ramicauls, Only with a hand lens are the lepanthiform sheaths evident.
flower, comparatively large for the size of the plant, is borne singly above the
leaves. Sometimes it is followed by a second flower. The large dors al sepal is
deeply concave with a short, filiform tail. The apices of the bifid synsepal are
terminated by similar tails. The lip is three-lobed with the anterior lobe acute.

cauls :
: sheaths with
String 3 5- 12 mn mm tay enclosed e 5-7 closely appresed, dak brown, lepanthiform 18 3.7
, elliptical, acu’

petiole 3
ous ostia. Leaf erect, thickly sen ee fre ionally 2),
mm long, 6-10 mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Saflorestebe escence a solitary e: 45
— Strict, s 13 cm long i

Seapine yellow-white, sone: carinate, free, the

72 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

attenuate, 10 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, si long-
attenuate, 9.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, each 1-veined; petals elliptical-ovate, acute, 2.5 mm ig, 1.25
mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, deeply trilobed, 1.75 mm long, 1.75 mm wide across the ee 3 lobes,
the anterior lobe narrowly oblong, obtuse, the lateral lobes basal, auriculate, incurved, pisensiens

Meal lL, sin: Ae inged to the

column-foot; column terete, stout, 0.75 mm 1 long, with bsol foot, the anth ical, the
stigma ventral, é

=

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: epiphytic in cloud forest east of Yangana, alt. 2650 m, 4 March 1982, C.
Luer, S. Dalstrém, A. Andreetta & D. D’ Alessandro ‘0 7142 (Hi : SEL).

PERU: Dept. of San Martin: oa valley of Rio Apisoncho, alt. 3600 m, 23 Aug. 1965, A. C.
Hamilton & P.M. Holligan 12

This species is apparently rare, having been found but once in southeastern
Ecuador and once in central Peru. It is characterized by the relatively large, ellipti-
cal leaf surpassed by a long, crowded, strict, secund raceme of many simultaneous
flowers. The tegen are long-attenuate, the petals are acute, and the lip is deeply

three-lobed. The are basal, auriculate and minutely pubescent.
Nebr: wn on Luer & Dod, sp. nov. Fig. 68.
Named in honor erry Parsons of Berkeley, CA, peer at tes s es.

Species haec T, durae (Lindl.) Luer affinis, sed florib anes ibus et labello
oblongo ecalloso distinguitur.

riveree pt i byes eds Snot ASI eRe roots slender along the stem.

. 2a x, 10-12 mm long, enclosed by 3-4

minutely ciate, lepenthifore sheaths, Leaf ascending, ptind coriaceous, oe obtuse, 8-10 mm
long, 4.5-6 mm wide, broadly 1 mm erescence
loose, subflexuous, Satictain: stneeite usly few an jae
peduncle ca. I cm long, from nea E icaul; floral t Sf seal, pokes Doe keg

‘aly TI, elehe,

rinate, the d.
and concave below the middle, acute, attenuate aan, 4mm long, imam wide, 3-veined,
barely sepals, the lateral sepals free free, narrowly triangular, attenuate acute, oblique,
: eined; memb: i 7 y
irregular at the tip, 1.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellowish, oblong, very shallowly concave,
lee Pe the apex rounded and thickened, the base truncate, hinged to the
the stigma ventral. ‘6 mm long, wingless, the foot minute, 0.2 mm long, the anther subapical,

rks ch. fe D. Dod, June, 1997, ges de Dota, 13 June 1990, flowered in cultivation in

MO), C. Luer illustr. 18486, Grantham & J. Parsons 03 93 90 (Holotype: UC; Isotype:

vegetative vely ie enc mae arcana

with rtionatel nar-
rower sod single cblong ip eon Propo: y
Bas: Peer rata ee te Luer, Kage) 34: 396, 1983. Fig. 69.,70.
Ret From the Latin pergratus,

reba siadicg CTE
yn.: Pleurothallis

en By Prom the Pen iPetela Schr wih ais a roars Vee. B Beih. 27: 163, 1924.

Syn.: Trichosalpins faleipeala( (Schitr.) Luer, METRER iy 395, 1983.

Plant small, Shoah OSS: Toots slender.
pe aa pg Sa Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-6 cm long, enclosed by
4

9 mm wide, contracted below j into a petiole 2-3 mm long. ~ohenanalan fi cle oh sacopire

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 73

single-flowered aoe peduncle 3-5 mm long, from near the apex of a ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.75
mm long; ; pedicels 1- 1.5mm yeas ed 0.75 mm long; gene yellow or purple, glabrous, subcarinate,
2 mm long including the fibfonn tail, 23

£, +h ‘Ps J evals, #4

mm wide expanded, itech f
oblique, acute, acuminate, 5-22 mm long including ‘i filiform nt 1 1-2 mm wide, connate 0. 5-4 mm,

each 1-veined; petals yellow or aed ae membranous, elliptical-obovate, oblique, obtuse, 2-4 mm long,
1.25-1.5 mm wide, l-veined, m wd less microscopically denticulate Jip yellow or Porple, ovate,
eas ea tens. 25-2 mm ip ng ith the apex

rounded, the basal half with low, broadly rounded, lateral lobes di th

i ghia truncate, Fas to the column-foot; column terete, 1.75-3 mm Hy the anther
subapica

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Cartago: La Estrella de Cartago, alt. ca. 5000 ft., C. H. Lankester & A. Sancho
436 (Holotype ).

PANAMA: Bas of Chiriqui: Fortuna, Mar. 1985, A. Maduro 1-M (MO), Cerro Punta, 1986, A. Maduro
s.n. (MO). Prov. of Coclé: epiphytic above El Valle, alt. ca. 1000 m, 1976, C. Luer 192 (SEL).
COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Corcon4, El Biaho, alt. 1800-2100 m, collected and cultivated by
Padre Sergio, 22 July 1978, C. Luer 2951 (SEL), Yarumal, El Oro, alt. 2700 m, 1 May 1984, C. Luer, J.
Luer & R. Escobar 10080 (MO); Urrao, Llavero, collected by Lucho, May 1982, flowered in cultivation

at Colomborquideas, May 1993, C. Luer 16916 (MO). ery xb Cauca: without locali

2045 (holotype of P. faicipesala presumably destroyed at B, neotype here designated): old dept. of
i, F.

R. Escobar & E. Valencia 4012 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17974.

This small species is known from Central America, where it was described from
a Costa Rican collection by Lankester, and the Western Cordillera of Colombia,
where it was described later from a much earlier collection by Lehmann. It is one
of the very few species of the genus characterized by single flowers borne by short
les. The flowers are variable in size, and the apices of the sepals are variable
in length. A variation with particularly short-tailed sepals, or with sepals merely
acute, is known from the southernmost part of the distribution in the Cauca Valley.
Variations from Central America and Antioquia in Colombia often bear long-tailed
sepals four times:as long.
Although Schlechter’s description of Lehmann’s collection from Cauca varies
a ad a collected there today, I have little doubt that they are the same species.
mall flowers not well preserved can be difficult to interpret after rehydration.

Trichosalpinx pumila (Luer) Luer, Phytologia 54: 397, 1983. Fig. 71.
Bas.: Pleurothallis pumila yap ae gia
Ety.: From the Latin pwmilus, “dwarf,” referring to the habit of the plant.

eae: cauls erect, ab bettie esate
i ty small, epiphytic, caespitose; Toots slender. Rami e '

apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm lon I 0.5 mm long; sepals trans-
lucent 2; pedicels 1 mm ong; ovary 2;

yellow, glabrous, subcarinate, th e dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute, slightly acuminate, 5-6 mm
long, 3.5 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, the 1 acute, 5.5-6 mm long, connate
1.5 mm, 1-1.5 mm wide together, each 1 eined; petals translucent t yellow, obovate, obtuse, 1.5-2 mm
: long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, ovate-trilobed, 3 mm long, 1 5 mm wide across wane re

ae £, erect,

wi ence tbe oblong i eS ae oh ‘didle the b truncate, hinged to the
column-foot; column terete, if "Pspanpger cess paaneen

a ECUADOR: Prov. of P: 5, C. Luer,
Pastaza: epiphytic in tall forest east to Puyo, alt. 1000 m, 29 July 197
, mark Wilhelm 483 (Holotype: SEL ); near Mera, alt. 1100 m, 2 Feb. 1956, E. Asplund 19181 18)
Yan Me™ alt. 1100 m, 23 Feb. 1972, G. Harling aay ae Prov. of Loja: Nudo de S
Macige: epintne 2500 m, 2 Apr. < Har Ande feat. pyeeay) D.
ytic in cloud forest south of Y; sn ra 2250 m, 11 May er, J. Luer,
D Alessandro etal. 6142 (SEL. EL). we

74 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Thic littl + fram tha tarn doacistu ts ag

P Ecuadorian Andes is vegeta-
tively similar to two other sympatric species of the genus: T. nymphalis and T. sys-
iremmata. All three are characterized by small, ovate to rounded leaves borne by
very short ramicauls with ribbed sheaths that are nearly devoid of cilia or scabrosi-
ties. They seem to form a connecting link between Pleurothallis and Trichosalpinx.
The basi Phology of the floral parts, especially the column, indicate their close
relationship to Trichosalpinx. The flowers are borne by capillary peduncles that far
surpass the clump of little leaves.

Trichosalpinx pumila is distinguished from the other two species by the pair of
tall lamellae on the disc of the lip. Only the much larger T. tenuis with a well-

7 1. fs
Cicil Callus,

La

MimepeatemnenaDunrouease719e. em
Ety.: From the Latin pusillus, ‘very small,” referring i
Syn.: Specklinia pusilla (H.B.K.) Lindl, Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 21: sub t. 1797, 1836.
Syn.; Pleurothallis pusilla (H.B.K.) Lindl., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 28: misc. 82, 1842.
Syn.: Humboldtia pusilla (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 668, 1891.
ag ay ea ms im nsis Rolfe, Trans. Linn. Soc, London, Bot. ser. 2, 6: 58, 1901.
Syn.: Trichosalpinx roraimensis (Rolfe) Luer, Phytologia 54: 397, 1983,

ve
aye 3-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-4 croscopically ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thick-

with convex surfaces, broadly elliptical to orbicular, obtuse long, 3-5 mm wide,
broadly below into a petiole 1 mm long. a loose, 2- to 3-flowered raceme 10-25
mm long the peduncle 10-15 mm long, from icaul; bracts

including
vate long; pedicels 1.5-3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long, commonly :
yellow i 1 = , the . ae
long, 154 som wide, Sottiaed treat Pee
acute, 3.75-4 mm long 0.75 mm wide, each l-veined. 1 ae 4 rag
: -veined, connate mm; petals translucent, ellipti-
cal, to obtuse, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellowish, ovate-trilobed, 2-2.4
med te eee ae nm Wide across the lobes, the apical lobe oblong with the arcs rounded vad thack:
“ lobes in the lower third, low, erect, rounded to obtuse and sli re
column-foot: ; d angles of the lot » the base unguiculate-truncate, hinged to the
Column semiterete, | mm long, the foot short the anther and the stigma ventral.
Ps boyper at Sein small tres near Loja, 1802, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype:
(AMES, LOJA); at the illustr. 17189; Horta-Naque, alt. 3500 m, 9 Nov. 1946, R. Espinosa 987
& L Orchids CLC H collected . 1988, flowered in cultivation at J
Luer.J. Lier A. Hire & W. Flores 10873 (MON presse tate lt, 2400 m, 23 Ma. 1985, C.
1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirts 4483 (so) Prov. of Napo: north of Baeza, alt. ree

alow romded

ae . 0: north of Gualaquiza, alt.
Si eed wabsine we Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetia & W. Teague 13425 (SEL). Prov. of
(MO). Prov. of inching or, 2000 m, 5 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, $. Dalstrém & T. Haijer 9972

1986, C. Luer, J Laer A. Hirt, W.Flores & A. ae pink onde, eo
: ioquia: El Retiro, above ‘deat FLQ ER GA
Teper 07 OO) ae epee SL GD a ZT Nae Ce a
- a alt.
uertas s.n. (AMES). Dept. of Norte de ernie i, 2900 m, phe 1942, S. capers

2450-2650 m, Jan. 1990, M. S. Skef-
> Péramo de Tamé, alt. 3000-3205 18 Aug. 1995, D. Kelly et al. 10576 (K. MO, TCD). Edo.
98734 (AMES). Terr. Fed. pelosi et, 20 May 1967, J. A. Steyermark & G. C.K. Dunsterville
Serna ea. 12506 AMES KM EVEN, a, 250 3a. BET

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 75

1981, J. A. Steyermark, C. Brewer-Carias & R. Liesner 124378 (MO, VEN); same area, alt. 2560 m, 10-
12 Oct. 1983, J. A. Steyermark 129436, 129523, 129563, — (MO, VEN); same area, alt. 2600 m,
1985, J. B. t 130816 (MO, V Atabapo, Cerro Marahuaca, alt.

A. Stev. yermark

os) 1988, R. Liesner 25203, 25204, 25278, 25304 (MO. VEN); Atabapo,

m, 1 Mar. 1985, R. Liesner 18123 (MO, VEN); below Salto Los Monos, alt. 1500-1600
m, 11 one sie R. Liesner 18535 (MO, VEN); same area, 20 Oct. 1988, R. Liesner 25152 (MO, VEN),
Atures, Rio Coro-Coro near Yutaje, alt. 1400-1760 m, 6 Mar. 1987, R. Liesner, B. Holst 21699 (MO,
VEN). Edo. Bolivar: Ptari-tepui, alt. 2450 m, 7 Nov. 1944, J. A. Steyermark 59945 (AMES), Cerro
Guaiquinima, Rio Paragua, alt. 1650 m, 31 Dec. 1951, B. Maguire 32860 (AMES, pacara-tepui,
alt. 2500 m, 19-23 June 1953, J. A. Steyermark 75711, 75763, 75865, 75871, 75918 (AMES, F); Auyan-
tepui, alt. 2050-2300 m, 15 May 1964, J. A. Steyermark 93943 (AMES, K, NY); Torono-tepui, alt. 2000
m, 23 Feb. 1955, J. A. Steyermark & J.J. Wurdock 1118 (AMES, NY); Meseta del Jaua, Cerro Jaua, alt.
1750 m, 22 Feb. 1974, J. A. Steyermark et al. 109313 (AMES); Cerro or alt. 950-1000 m, 10 Jan.
1964, J. A. Steyermark & G.C.K. Dunsterville 92937 (AMES, VEN); Cerro Roraima, near the Guayana-
Brazilian border, alt. 2750-2800 m, 26 Aug. 1976, J. A. Sree. pe 112595 (AMES, K, NY); Piar,
Macizo del Chimanti, alt. 1920 m, 14 Feb. 1984, J. A. Steyermark et al. 130034 (AMES, - NY); Cerro
Sipapo, alt. 1500 m, 11 Dec. 1948, B. Maguire & L. Politi 27595 “(AMES , NY); Cerro de La Neblina,
Rio Yatua, alt. 1700-1800 m, 6 Jan. 1954, B. Maguire, J. J. Wurdock & G. S. Bunting 7073 (AMES,
NY); Piar, — of thy mueleaas alt. 2135 m, 26 May 1986, R. Liesner, J. Steyermark & B. Holst
21055 1750-1800 m, 23 May 1986, R. Liesner, J. S
& B. Hoist 21025 (MO, VEN); Piar, Aparaman-tepui alt. 2100 m, 27 Mar. 1987, B. Holst 3700 (MO,
VEN); Piar, Macizo del Chimantaé, Amuri-tepui, alt. ca. 1850 m, 2-5 Feb. 1983, J. A. Steyermark, O.
Huber & V. spans 128571 (MO, VEN); Apacara-tepui, alt. ca. 2200 m, 30 Jan. -1 Feb. 1983, J. A.
Steyermark, 0. Huber & V. Carrefio, 128521 (MO, VEN); Rio Tirica, alt. 2450 m, 7-9 Feb. 1983, J. A.
Steyermark, O. Gee & V. Carrefio, 128928 (MO,
GUYANA: Summit of Mt. Roraima, - 8600 ft., 1898, F. V. McConnell & J.J. Quelch s.n. (holotype of
P. roraimensis: K), C. Luer illustr. 17 :
PERU: Dept. of San Martin: Huallaga, i Apisoncho, alt. 3600 m, 12 Aug. 1965, A. C. Hamilton & P.

COSTA RICA: Prov. oF Puntarenas: Cordillera de Talamanca, Cerro Kamuk, Cerro Dudu, alt. 3000-
3100 m, 26 Mar. 1984, G. Davidse, G. Herrera & R. Warner 26069 (CR, MO). Prov. of Heredia: Parque
Nacional Braulio Carrillo, alt. 2500 m, 11 Sept. 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 519 (AMES, CR, F, K,
MO, SEL); Volcan Barba, alt. 2500-2700 m, no date, B. Boyle 519 (USI).

This tiny species occurs relatively ons rine usually within moss on scrubby
trees, from Mt. Roraima on the Guyana-Venezuelan border, and through the Andes
into Peru, with recent collections from Costa ‘Rica. It occurs within a vertical range
between 1600 and 3000 meters above sea level, but always in areas of high rainfall
and humidity. It was first described from a collection in 1802 by a and
Bonpland near Loja in southeastern Ecuador, where it is still to be found toda

Typically, the minute plants are densely caespitose, but the ramicauls ‘io occa-
sionally shortly prolific. The inflorescence is single-flowered, to a loose, two- £0

flowered raceme that surpasses the leaves. The flowers commonly prod
tiny capsules. Morphologically, the flowers vary little throughout the wide distribu-
tion. The acuminate sepals are usually about four millimeters long. The lips are
trilobed with a tiny callus present at the forward angle of the basal lobes with the
middle lobe. Except for their minute size, the flowers are basically similar to those
of T: intricata and T. scabridula. Examinations of a hydrated flower of an isotype
of T. pusilla and a flower of the holotype of T. roraimensis reveal them to be practi-

identical.

pak

quitensis spay . ~ ra Hig key 54: 397, 1983. Fig.

Bas.: Pleurothallis quitensis R 855.
; + Named for the city of tony near eet om aber was collected.

Syn.: : Humboldtia quitensis (Rchb. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL. 2:668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis br Leaf 10: 173, 1942

evispicata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus.
Ety.: From the en onpcre, “with short racemes,” referring to to the i
Syn.: Trichosal ? (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 394, 1983.

L-

Plant dium in size, epiphytic, caespit lend Ramicauls erect, more or less

amt ¥then tee losed by 5-9 minutely cili Leaf erect, thickly coria-

ceous, elliptical to narowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1253 mn long incoding «patio 2-7 mm
long, 5-9 mm wide, cuneate below into into the petiole. In y

th 7 long, from near the pex of th amicaul

within the uppermost line sheath; floral t infundibul 2-2.5 mm long, losing the pedicel and

pra facie 1-3 | 1 low, fleshy-carinate, glabrous, the dorsal

cassia idens44 Senn 2-3. 5 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate to the lateral
sepals, the lateral sepals triangular, acute, acuminate, 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 1-veined, connate
0.5 mm; mm; petals light yellow, membranous, elliptical-oblong, rounded to ee eee ee eee
mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, 1-veined; lip light yellow, thick, ovoid, 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the
apex rounded, the disc broadly and shallowly concave between a pair of low calli below the middle,
stain hav seey yah. yeaa yer the base truncate, hinged on the end to the column-foot;

wtf Tle 3800 m, 22 Feb. 1992, S. sage toe pe beg ti mead pop dec
north slopes of Volcan Cayambe, alt. 12,800 ft., 10 July 1944, W. B. Drew E-304
brush in

of Loja: epiphytic in scrubby paramo east

March 1585, Cc. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10778 (MO); epiphytic in cloud forest above Jim-
bura, alt. 3350 m, 21 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer & J. Kuijt 9637 (MO). Prov. of Napo:
in scrubby vegetation above Papallact, al 3600 m, March 1983, A. Hirtz 1272 (MO), C. Luer
illustr. 16211. Prov. of T ountains Seen earn be amall trees: Cerro Pan de
Ames, ak 3500, 1 Ang. 1969, P. J. Edwards 107 (K), C. Luer

PERU: Dept. of Hudnuco: Yanano, alt. 1800 m, 13-16 May 1923, ates ainesy Macbryde 3838
of P. brevispicata: F; Isotype: AMES); Tambo de Vaca, alt. 1800 m, 10 June 1923, fates 4344
» W). wow Huallaga, Rio Apisoncho, alt. 3600 m, 28 Aug. 1965, A. C. Hamilton

(AMES
& P.M. Hi

: Dept. of 12, az: Nor Yungas, above Unduavi, alt. 3300 m, 22 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer &
R. Vdsquez 8536 (SEL (SEL). Dept. toward Villa Tunari,
alt. 2500 m, 22 Jan. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R Vésquez 4912 (SEL); old, abandoned road from Cocha.
Pee acts Tuna, alt. 3150 m, 1 Feb. 1997, C C. Luer, J. Luer,R. Vasquez, D. Ric & W. Teague

This species occurs in scrubby trees at a high altitude where nights are cold, and
where we humans find it difficult to hike and take a deep breath. First described
from a collection by Dr, Jameson near Quito, Ecuador, T. quitensis has been found
das “aaa: variable in a wide distribution south through Peru into central

eas waver, the size and shape of the leaves are variable in different popula-
through the range of distribution. In habit T. quitensis resembles species of

hang ho shed by the small, fleshy sepals; obtuse petals; and a
thick lip with small, erect, uncinate uncinate processes on the calli above the base.

Mar Pease edoram (Luer & Escobar Lue Phytologia 54: 397, 1983.Fig. 74.
14: 170, 1991.

Ety.: Noes Pavan
Colombia, sme Br omar ttre Nr os Woche do Hebi of Hanan,

al, ip Hl excl fot n 1 x " i

cm long, enclosed by 5-10 closely na tab Ramiouls oc, sade torsade ae
ie. appressed, ribbed but smooth iform sheaths with minutely

up to 1.5 cm long, 1-1.8 cm wide, canal hone Subacute to obtuse, 3-6 cm long including the petiole

mG Ho tte a into a petiole. Inflorescence a subdense, secund,

es ® ramicaut; floral bracts 1-2 mm long: pein’ <— 9 ag, from near the

mg; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals white,

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX a

orange at the base, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave basally, acute, 12-20 mm long, 5-6
mm wide, 3-veined, connate to cin lateral sepals for 0.5 mm, the lateral sepals narrowly triangular,
oblique, acute, 12-18 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, connate at the base, 1-veined; petals oblong, with the apex
obtuse to rounded, 3-4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined; lip pale green, orange toward the base, subqua-
drate, arcuate, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, the margins minutely erose, the apex hecniy rounded,
the disc with a pair of longitudinal, c uncate
foot; column m green, terete, stout, 2. 5m mm lone, with prominent, i ld wings above the middle, ‘ie
entral.

i ~~

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Santuario, alt. 1800-2200 m, collected by J. M. Sema, 1968,
cultivated at La Ceja by M. & O. Robledo, R. Escobar 596, flowered in cultivation 20 Jan. 1978, C. Luer
fee (Holotype: SEL; 4; Isotype: JAUM); ee oo t. 2150 m, collected by E. Valencia, July
7 1989, C. Luer 14348 (MO). Dept. of Narifio
ey Altiquer, west slopes of the a ae bas alt. 1200 m, July 1879, F.C. Sie 569
ECUADOR: P: Maldonado and Tulcan, alt. 2900-3100 m, 5 Oct. 1981, L. Werling
& S. Leth-Nissen 288 eAMES, QCA); epiphytic in cloud forest east of the pass east of Maldonado, alt.
2500 m, 2 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém & T. Héijer 9895 (MO); same area, terrestrial, alt. 2600 m, 1
Aug. 1985, C. H. Dodson & A. Embree 16141 (MO); same area, terrestrial on the road embankment, alt.
2500 m, 15 Jan. 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup & A. Jesup 16042 (MO).

This handsome species has perhaps the largest flowers of the genus. Vegetative-
ly, itis challenged by T. arbuscula. Tall, leafy ‘“‘stems’’ stand in clumps and bear
long racemes of numerous, large, snow white flowers with a little suffusion of
orange at the base. It occurs locally in the Central Cordillera of Colombia and
oe Ecuador where plants occasionally colonize the damp, clay road embank-

Trichosalpinx scabridula olfe) Luer, Phytologia 4: 397, 1983. Fig. 75., 76.
Bas.: Pleurothallis c abommsygens le in =e 4: 260, 1 r
Ety.: From the Latin scabridulus, “a “ie evihe in reference to oan of the ramicaul.
Plant small to very small, epiphytic, scandent, prolific, ee erect to suberect, up to 10 cm or
ee tote. 2 ender, ramical from the
c Is up to 25 mm ico. enclosed by 2-4 minutely ciliate, lep-
gp sheaths. Leaf often Fee ep ascending, thickly coriaceous, elliptical to suborbicular, lens-
iio x obtuse to rounded at the apex, 3.5-6 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, broadly cuneate or rounded below
= speaghe ‘5 mm long. Inflorescence a loose, subflexuous, distichous, simultaneously few-flowered
hijee, including the filiform peduncle 5-8 mm long, from near the apex of a rami
inate, the mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals pale yellow, glabrous,
dle, epoca sepal ovate-triangular and concave below the middle, acute, acuminate above the mid-
connate at the ong, 1 5-2.5 mm wide, 3-veined, barely te to the lateral sepals
win onion narrowly triangular, attenuate, acute, oblique, 4.5-7 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, 1-
veined; ip yello oblique, subacute to obtuse, 1.75-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, 1-
lng wit withthe Wish, oblong trilobed, 2-3 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide across the lobes, the apical lobe
ae pie rounded, the late eral lobes low, erect, broadly rounded, below the mi middle, with a

‘hears e, ed
trea oat column tert, 1-1.5 mm long, with small, obtuse, often obscure, apical wings, the
anther subapical, the stigma ventral.

at R of La Paz: Murillo, Zongo, Nov. 1890, A. M. Bang 907 (Holotype: K, Isotypes: AMES,
Dec. 1982. 7'c C. Luer illustr. 17260; Murillo, Zongo valley, up Rio Jachcha Cruz, alt 2200 m, 16
R.Vésquey 643) oro” 9082 (MO); east of Chuspi alt. 2500 m, 21 Jan. 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, &
Ric & W. Teague 4 6450 (MO); Saaveen ions Rs Chars, 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D.
Luer et a 16434, 16455 MO} Saavedra, along Rio Charazani alt. 2700 m, 19 Nov. 1992, C. Laer J
an, | 29 an 1984, Cr. Lar pynposwen very op mbpenpey al 15

reeset C Lae Laer Vasque: et a 12832, 12874 (MO).
3 Deot. of a in: La Merced, Ha Schunke, alt. ca. 4000 ft., Oct. 1941, J. F. Macbride 5781
1982, RB. apampa, Cordillera Yanachaga, Cerro Pajonal, alt. 2700-2800 m, 7 Oct.
Oh Fee 90 (MO); Oxapampa, west of alt. 2080 m, 19 Nov. 1982, D. Smith 2724
of Oxapampa, alt. 2850 m, 21 Nov. 1982, D. Smith 2758 (MO).

78 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This little species, first collected in 1890 by Miguel Bang in the Zongo valley
northeast of La Paz, is widely distributed on the eastern slopes of the Andes of
pepe Peru and Bolivia. It is distinguished by short, proliferating ramicauls that

» leafy stems, often accumulating into tangled mats. Loose, simul-
rovakes several-flowered racemes with acute sepals and obtuse petals are pro-
duced. The lip possesses a pair of low, broadly rounded lobes below the middle,
with a low, minute, often obscure callus near the forward angle of the lobe. Other-
wise, the disc is featureless.

Trichosalpinx scabridula is allied to T. intricata, differing mainly in the prolific,
scandent habit. A larger, long-scandent species with lon g-acuminate sepals is
recognized as T. notosibirica. Intermediate collections are not uncommon (Fig. 76.).

Trichesaipiax semilunata vaca aca Luer, ev RN 54: 397, 1983. Fig. 77.
Ety.: From the epaasiags ei in faire to calli of the lip

> a
Syn.: Trichosalpinx dithe le Luer & Escobar, Orquide eologia 16: 181, 1984.
Ety.: From the Greek dithele, “two nipples,”’ re hag pair £1~best

Plant sm all, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1. 5-6. 5 cm long, en-
Gosed by 3-7 minutely scabrous, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, 0-27

, i peduncle
from near the apex of a ramicaul; floral bracts 1-2.5 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm long; ovary 0.5-1
Years purple below the middle, glabrous, subcarinate, on
» acute, concave, 4-7 mm 1.5-2.25 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate basally, the
wactal sepals free, ellipticaltriangular, acute, oblique, 47 9, long, 1- E 75 mm wide, bee
veined; » elliptical, oblique, subacute

petals
a beth celeacs to obtuse, 2-3 mm long, 1-1.25 mm

cxpanded swith purple, thick, often arcuate, oblong -subtrilobed, pre a5 375
pair of rounded 1-12 mm wide es the disc with
1.5 mm long, calc the mili th asi, hinged to he column Soot, column rete, 1-

stigma ventral. , , the anther Seek rg

El Oro:
Saag a Gene Pa ny ri » between Pifias and Santa Rosa, alt. ca. 1500 m,

lm 523 ta. Rosa,
1979, C. Hb ay Golotype: SEL kes 19 between Pifias and S

199 in eniei 9
(MO). Prov. of Los Ri : in cultivation at Chamblee, GA, by F L Stevenson 91-0802
wie Tae 8 Keg So ye w Balzapamba, alt. 700 m, 23 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dal-
COLOMBIA: Antiog
caltvation at La Gogg by M. “Repressa de de Guadalupe, collected by R. Escobar 1424, flowered
Ytic in forest near the geld =? ype 1977, C. Luer 1890 (SEL); Munic. of Frontino,
Pridgeon & E. Valencts rb alt. 2060 m, 5 May 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Eeckeh
5 May 1983, C. Lier er al cota Set L); between Nutibara and Frontino, alt. 1900 m,
1983, C. Luer, J. Luer. R 2 SEDs Mini of Conor Quebrada La Hundida, alt. 1600 m, 24 Apr.
Luer, R. Escobar & W. Teague lain “Sy gs (SEL), % same area alt. 1700 m, 20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J
Cedro, alt. 1650 m, 1S Mar 195 Caer 751 hots Mo) 0) Mani Yarumal, between Ventanas and El

ém & W. Teague 14154 (MO).
This little speci
Cordillera of Cioaean oe ecevies relatively low altitudes in from the Central
Southwestern Or. It is distinguished by the short,

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 79

Trichosalpinx solomonii Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 78.
Bee « Named in honor of Dr. James Cc Sol f the Mi + seal

this species.
Hiraiow haec 7. Tin notosibiricae \ (Hashi ) I ffini d i lib dicib 1 issimis
Plant bdahtein'ia died wh tirke, epiphytic, s shell up to 30 cm tall; roots thick, fleshy. Ramicauls
stout, erect, prolific, up to 15 cm long below, 8-10 mm long above, enclosed by up to 10 ciliate, lepanthi-
form sheaths below, 2-3 sheaths above. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly aera subacute to obtuse,
10-15 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the 1 mm long petiole. Inflorescence a
loose, lightly flexuous, more or less simul ultaneously s several-flowered raceme, 2 2-4 cm long, including the

filiform peduncle 1 cm long, f bracts 1.75 mm long; pedicels 3
long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent pale mise. glabrous, subcarinate, the ape ‘sepal ovate

in the lower third, concave, acute, , long-acuminate, 1 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3-veined,
1 linear-tr lar, acute, attenuate, 15 mm long, 1

mm wide, 1-veined, barely connate e at the base carol, tmnsbaent, igsial, OM,
0.8 mm wide, 2-veined; lip light yellow, ovate-trilobed, 3.5 mm long, | mm wide, 2 mm wide across the
at the apex, with the

quarter, erect, antrorse. the apical lobe Ob ong coins dise with an obtuse, conical callus atthe forward angle of
lateral lobes, the base subunguicul culate, hinged to the column-foot; column terete, 1.5 mm long, the the anther
Ree rte pnd erkeal; the Goce OR eee ne

BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Por: Murillo, Valle del Rio Zongo, alt. 3000 m, 8 Jan. 1988,
(Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 17308.

J.C. Solomon 17452

This species is known from one collection in the Zongo Valley at a high altitude
by Solomon. The flowers are very similar to those of T. notosibirica, but the habit
of T. solomonii is distinct. From a mass of thick, sedi roots, sa stout, basal
ramicauls, up to 15 cm long, arise. Above, the ramic
in size, eventually to less than 1 cm long. The leaves are small and
tical. The racemes are comparatively short with short pedicels.

decrease
ceeeats ellip-

79.
Liecsesers tery steyermarkii Luer, sp. NOV. Fig.
Seek ie hieae of Be Julian A. St vr scmark, indefatigible collector of botanical specimens.
pan haec T. pusillae (H.B.K.) Luer affinis, sed) habitu minore, labelli lobis Jateralibus dimidio

: Ramicauls
Plant siiteodels small, ag caespitose; roots slender, oe a eee aided, a

3-4 by 2-3 microscopi scabrous, ne eager saqeh broadly cuneat
coriaceous with convex surfaces, begs obtuse, 3-4 mm 2 * Joose, 2-flowered raceme 10-15
solitary flower or - floral bracts

below into a petiole 0.25 mm long. Inflorescence a
mum long including the filiform florescence om near he apex of a :
Lien kee: pedicels ] -o y 0.5 mm long; sepals mm wide, 3-veined,

long, 1.25
, the dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, concave, acute, akoae 5
connate to the lateral sepals, Sap ppuanag gee triangle vo obeuse, 1-25 mam
eined, the

the apical lobe triangular, narrowly obtuse, the late

obtuse, eons he he disc with a faint, rounded callus at the fone querer aye - aera
eons
93547 (Holotype:
VENEZUELA: Edo. Bolivar: Any 879 alt. 1800 m, 7 May 1964, J- A- Steyermark Gi
AMES; Isotypes: K, NY), C. Luer illustr. 17259.
es distributed widely at high al-

Trichosalpinx pusilla is a frequent, tiny pgs Andes from Colombia into
titudes from the tepuis of Venezuela, to south in the from the Venezuelan
Peru. Among numerous collections made by —

80 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

tepuis, one collection from a lower altitude seemed exceptionally minute. A flower
hydrated in concentrated ammonia revealed a minute lip with morphological
features that differed from others examined. It is possible that this collection repre-
sents merely an aberration from the usual T. pusilla, but it is also possible that it is
indeed distinct and that other unrecognized collections are mixed among the
humerous collections cited for T. pusilla.

Trichosalpinx steyermarkii is the smallest member of the genus. The suborbicu-
lar leaves less than four millimeters long are borne by ramicauls also less than four
millimeters long. The sepals are two and a half millimeters long. The lip with
lobes filling the basal half with the anterior lobe triangular differs from the oblong
lip of T. pusilla with lobes on the basal quarter or third.

Trichosalpinx strumifera Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 80.
Ety.: From the Latin strumifer, “bearing a swelling,” i Iusion to the 1 hin of the lateral sepal

repensve_ rami ) on 1: L vn] £1:

a Planta parva pendens " - I £ . ; I E : lipti

cis plus minusve aequilongo, sepalis glabris ovatis ad medium connatis, petalis ellipticis, labello oblongo

trilobato, lobo antico rotundo minute papilloso, lobis lateralibus lonciciliat PANTO
di ill 7 :

inter lobos “

Plant small, epiphytic prolific, creeping t 4 , upto on am 1 : Pa Sere ren

“om i y ing or descending, slender, produci ther ramicaul from the apex, 15-20
mm long, enclosed by 3 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf ascending or descending, thickly coriaceous,
broadly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 7-10 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, contracted below into a petiole 0.5-1
mm tong. Inflorescence a few-flowered, secund raceme up to 10 mm long including the peduncle ca. 2
te <e pe: ul; floral t mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; pa diy 8
long, 2.25 mm wide So ed, » subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ov Pee CS

apical lobe rounded, cellular-papular va “ae
middle isc villous bet ding in obtuse angl
Seackoys een the lateral lobes, the base subtruncate, hinged to the column-foot;
anther subapical, the stigma ventral.
te 1984, C. Lacy a mors Chinchipe: *Piphytic in cloud forest above Valladolid, alt. 2000 m, , 8
pth 248, wD. lstrém oy a Paty & eh os , a 4 t.
2300m, 1 Feb. 1985, G. Harling & L. Anderson 21578 a it coneeaeesea eas

teens arta yes long-creeping species from southeastern Ecuador is similar to

short, few-flaeg nny ciamaelepanthes), but it is distinguished from them by a

4 dae. eae use sepals connate for about half their length, and

lobes extending above th. The lip is deeply three-lobed with obtuse, ciliate lateral
pnihes

lobe is minutely papillose, €, and villous between them. The ovate anterior

Trichosalpinx systremmata (Luer
Bas.: Pleurothallis ) Luer, Phytologia 54: 397, 1983. Fig. 81.
Ety.: From the Greek sysmrent Laer, Phytologia 49: 219, 1981, ,

Plant very small, epiphyti : gated into a ball,” in allusion to the habit.
closed by 2 ribbed, glabroas tances “SeMpitose; roots slender. Ramicanls erect, 2-6 mm long, en-
) elliptical to suborbiculer manny ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. erect, coriaceous,
#petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence © pots: 5-12. mm long, 5-6 mm wide, contracted below into
the filiform : loose, successively several-flowered raceme, up to 11 cm long
long: pedicels 2S mm longs ory om one from near th fis vindicaied: fica beacts 1-15 ann

translucent yellow, glabrous, subcarinate, the

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 81

dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute, et 11 mm long, 3 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals
for 0.25 mm, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, acute, 5.5-10 mm long, 1- fanabom bias rece
nate 1-1.25 mm; translucent pie bee or purple, obovate, obtuse, 2-3 mm long,
1.25-1.75 mm wide, 1-veined; rete red-brown — fleshy, ovate, 303.5 mm long, 1.25-1 75 mm
to okeyheaeh sarmadeama angles in the basal fourth, the apex rounded, cies bes oe ard

r & L, Lg 1 «hh ate ton]

castor column terete, | 75-2 mm long, pical, 2)

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: epiphytic in cloud forest south of Yangana, alt. 2250 m, 11 May 1981, C.

Luer, J. J. Luer, D. D’ Alessandro | et al. 6143 ee fae “Loja,” Jan. 1883, E. André 505 (K);
i ‘oad ana, alt. 2400 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J.

Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10814 (MO); above Vileabambe, we) 2000-2400 m, we 1985, D. D’Aless-

andro 348, 654 (MO). Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: ytic in forest the pass east of Loja,

by W. Teague in 1977, flowered in cultivation in Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4115 (SEL), peepog Jan. 1883, E.

André 505 (K).

tof

Trichosalpinx systremmata, apparently endemic in southern Ecuador, was first
collected by Eduard-Francois André on his botanical expedition to the Andes over a
hundred years ago. Superficially this little species appears very similar to many
species of Pleurothallis. It is distinguished by the dense tuft of small, broadly ellip-
tical or suborbicular leaves that obscure the short ramicauls. Only with a micro-
scope are the lepanthiform sheaths evident. Long, loose racemes of successive,
long-pedicellate flowers are produced. The acute sepals are more OF less acuminate
and thickened. The petals are obovate, and the simple lip is ovoid with the apex
rounded. The terete column is typical of subgenus Tubella.

82.
Trichosalpinx tantilla Luer, comb. 0 Fig.
Bas.: Pleurothallis tantilla Luer, Selbyana mM 183, 1979.
Ety.: From the Latin tantillus, ‘‘so little,” referring to the
Plant small, bP pucter eceneS roots slender. Ramicauls erect to tances go Fy RE ant
only 2 2 mm lon: enclosed by 24 4 lep : ; it 1 into a petiole

erect, : (ner i chee, 7 7-10 mm long, 5-7 mm wide

pkey Inflorescence a loose, simultan soveral flow floral

ing the filiform peduncle 5-7 mm long, from near oi apex rahe Fo. * taced with
Is ehpachage ty’

he crete ani Asser apes mm lon rp akey ny ncave re acs, 25 3.5 mm ng :

Tong, 0.5 mm wide, I-veined; lip ere™

pede the lateral ‘sepals free, ab rephn nee “oblique,
translucent yellow, obovate, oblique, subacute, 1.5 mm
with i

the subtruncate, hi
ap 0.25 mm long, the

base
pair of low, parallel calli calli from a shallowly concave base to avn long, with a foot

to the ve naserges column slender, terete, without wings,
anther gma ventral.

C. Luer,
PANAMA: Prov. of Coclé: epiphytic in cloud forest eiggiit® exe: pomeye move Vale,
J. Luer, P. Taylor & R. Dreseler 1078 (Holotype EL); ~ in como Valle, alt, ca. 900 m, 27
Se 71 1976, C. Luer & H. Puchr 22 (SEL) La Mee collected by W. Rauh,
1 locality,
971, J. P. Folsom 5625 (MO). he : sei 1987, C. Luer 12912 (MO).

-flow-
small ramicauls proliferating one or two others, and sim! ‘ tained syed
ered racemes two to three times as long as rae’ Se ioe apolar
are suffused with purple along the veins of the sepals Leper taba one
Carinate; the petals are subacute; and the obscurely three-t bicarinate

a thickened apex. The slender column is devoid of any wing.

is similar to the T. dura-complex:
- onitaneous! several

82 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx teaguei Luer, sp. nov. ae 83.
Ety.: Named in honor of Walter Teague of San Francisco, CA, co-discoverer of this species.

Planta mediocris, ramicauliu inis tubul ice ciliati Aun iseaties bent eee
Enearite : Aedetie ake sepalis petalis

i a or ©

ovatis acutis “alabellog di elliptico basi bilot Tis eeos anceiaie

Plant mediu amicauls 2 slender, 2-9 cm long,
enclosed by 5-8 closely ee ete ake: with sali eaaenig- th ed, long-ciliate ostia. Leaf
erect, thickly coriace i

veined, the ls free, widely ded, triangular, oblique, acute, 10.5 mm long, 3 mm wide
expanded, 2(3-Wveined; petals trans translucent, ovate, acute, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1-veined; lip whitish,
bes stall aa sounded atthe apex, trilobed atthe base, 7.5 mm long »3.5 mm wide, ' with the

sacpteinindg antrorse, rounded, the disc
of the lobes, the base truncate, meats hinged othe cote foo column slender, arcuate, terete, 3 bod
the anther subapical, the stigma ventral, the foot

BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Saavedra. epinhvticj Ri t. 2470 m, collected 20
Nov. 1992, flowered in in cultivation in San vag CA. WwW. aan 240 (dese MO), C. Luer il-

lustr. 17747; same collection C. Lue
16449 (MO). n data, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez, D. Ric, J. Del Hierro & W. Teague

This species, known from a remote, isolated valley in northern Bolivia, is close-
ly related to T. costata from the Nor -Yungas. It is distinguished from the latter by
the ciliate margins of the Tamicauls that are totally glabrous in T. costata, narrower
leaves and larger, red-striped flowers, The sepals of T. teaguei are completely free

and widely spread, and the lip is 1 ae
stead of acute, basal lobes, P Is proportionately larger with smaller, rounded, in

Trichosalpinx ipinx tenuis Cc. en erent) Les, Phytologia 54: 397, 1093. Fig. 84.
: Leafl. 10: 190, 1942.
By Fen acs > “thin,” but no clue is given to indicate what is “thin.”
Trichosalpins vertex Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 186, 1984,
of bag pea “the highest point,” in allusion to the high altitude of the habitat.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic,
enclosed closely » Caespitose; roots thick. Ramicauls relativ stout, erect, 2-4.cm
ot by ce litical tobroady Shes re lanthiforn - chee ey rye erect to
ws caret asp elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 12-22 mm long, 6-12 mm
taneously several-flowered = we mm long. Inflorescence a suber subdense, secund, simul-
*pex of a ramicaul; floral bract l including the pe peduncle ca. 1 mm long, from near the
yellow, Carinate, the ct 12 ken long; pedicels 2-3 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals
long, 2-2.5 mm wid ove the CONE Sting > acute, concave below the middle, 7-11 mm
narrowly triangular, oblique, acute Rpctenay evil connate to Sia pels, the lateral sepals

Sen prpareet clef callus above the base, the base wuncate, hinged to the column-
anther subapical, the stigma ventral, the foot I mm long.

U: Dept. of of Cuzco: collected
Dept of at Cas: orecd hands FL. So Anata? Coloype: US), C. Luer illustr. 17923.
Kilip & A. C. Smith 22539 (apg) and Rio Apurimac, alt. 750-1000 m, 17 May 1929, E. P.

200m 1s ee 1984, C.Laer J Laer 8 Var mele “sete re depeeenamaes

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 83

ECUADOR: Prov. of Loja: southeast of Yangana along the road to the army post, alt. 2950 m, 22 Mar.
1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10791 (MO), between Loja and Zamora, alt. ca. 2800 m, 20
Mar. 1972, G. Harling 11341 — Prov. of M

eo and Gualaquiza, 9 Apr. 196 8, G. Harling G. Storm é B. Strom ‘8125 5 (GB). Prov. of Zamora-
chipe: epiphytic in scrub forest of Loja, alt. 2700 m, 11 Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J.
Ler & M. Perilla 2531 (SEL t of Loj nd Zamo pie i Mar. 1985, C.

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10695 apne

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Tolim a: El Campanario, Alto de La Line pMbybbrel geben bin cul
- pass between Ibagué and pepe alt. 3500 m, 20 Nov. 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 8488 (holotype of
T. vertex: SEL, COL, JAUM).

This caespitose species is widely distributed at high altitudes from the Central
Cordillera of Colombia into central Bolivia. It is distinguished by the small habit;
thick, elliptical leaves; and a suberect, secund inflorescence two to three times as
long as the leaf. The sepals are carinate, acute and attenuate, and the petals are
elliptical and acute. The ligulate lip possesses a pair of low, broadly rounded lobes
below the middle, and a low, longitudinal, channeled callus on the disc above the
base.

Trichosalpinx teres Luer, sp. n Fig. 85.
Ety.: From the Latin teres, “terete,” alone to the jon road in cross-section.
+ 2 nlancor senalis

__ Plante parva, ramicaulibus s prolificantibus, P

inguitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, prane, erect, roots slender at the base. Ramicauls slender, ch eg
other ramicaul from ciliate, tubular,

e apex, 7-9 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, m: croscopically
cegmie 1 sheaths. Leaf erect, fusiform-terete, been ts obtuse, 13-15 mm long, 3mm vie

: ce a
oe few-fl 4 raceme ca. 25 mm long including the filiform e ca. 10 mm long, from near
the apex of a ramicaul; floral — 1.5mm Jong: vay

ae
ly triangular, acute, 3.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, peexegnes 5 mm; petal soiere be

i triangular, ae eee
middle, with a small callus at the forward angle with the middle lobe, toe rer say ty eT ae
column-foot; column bialate above the middle, 1. 5 mm long, the foot 0.5 mm long, anther
stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor east of Los Fi Hee Te
Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup & A. seu 14048 (Hokaype: ee

This species is known from a single collection in the Conia del Conde
southeasternmost Ecuador. It is unique in the genus hed es by only two.
The ramicauls are prolific, less than one centimeter long, and b thick ape at the
microscopically ciliate sheaths that are neither dilated nor with are membranous and
ostium. The sepals are fleshy and thickly carinate; the petals T. scabridula with a
elliptical: the trilobed lip is basically similar to those related 'o T* *

cpa the lobed ips basil A wth th mide We

Fig. 86.
Trichosalpinx ver, Lindleyana 11: 111, 1996.

Ety.: Ree trae Carol Todzia who discovered thi sect, often proliferating 1 or 2
Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls : “cally lepanthiform
other ramicauls, each caul 10-15 mm long, enclosed by 3-5 erent 5-8 mm long, 4-6 mm wide,
contracted below into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence * i

84 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

several-flowered raceme, 25-30 mm long including the filiform peduncle 10-15 mm long, from near the
apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 0.3 mm long; sepals
pale yellow, glabrous, carinate, the dorsal sepal triang inate . i
3-veined, the lateral sepals free, narrowly triangular, arcuate-falcate, acute attenuate, 3 mm long, 0.66
mm wide, 1-veined: yellow, ellipti acute, 1.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 1-veined: lip
Pale yellow, oblong-ovate, 1.5 mm long, 0.66 mm wide, with the margins broadly rounded below the
middle, the apex obtuse, thickened, cellular-glandular, the disc with a pair of low, thin, longitudinal calli
within the margins just above the middle, and with a low, obscure thickening near the middle, the base
u column-foot; column i subap-

truncate, hinged to the terete, wingless at the apex, 0.8 mm long, the anther
ical, the stigma ventral.

COSTA RICA: Prov. of San José: Bajo La Hondura, alt. 1100 m, 30 June 1978, C. Todzia 344 (Holo-
type: CR), C. Luer ill, 17799. Prov. of Cartago: Tablazo, alt. 1500 m, 28 May 1978, C. Todzia 29] (CR).
PANAMA: Prov, of Chiriqui: without specific locality, collected and cultivated, 1 June 1977, by FL
Stevenson 53177-] (SEL).

This very small species is Closely related to T. carinilabia and T dura (P. foliata
or P. broadwayi) all of which are Characterized by a Caespitose habit with the
ramicauls proliferating one or two others, and a subdense inflorescence of small,
yellowish white flowers Surpassing small elliptical leaves.

_ From 7, carinilabia, T. todziae is distinguished by short-pedicellate flowers
without the prominent men » harrowly acuminate sepals, and a lip with small,
thin lateral mellae, and an indistinct midline callus below the middle (instead of
three short, thick calli), Although the apex of the lip is thickened, it is far from the
large, exceedingly thick apex of T. carinilabia.

From T. dura, T. todziae is distinguished by asmaller habit, smaller, short-
Pedicellate flowers with narrowly acuminate sepals, a lip with thin lateral calli
instead of three, thick calli, and 4 column wingless at the apex.

Trichosalpinx trilobata (Fawe. & Rendle) Luer, Phytologia 54: 398, 1983. Fig. 87.
Bae peceratali Laie npbata Fawe. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47; 4, yoo
trilobatus, ‘three-lobed,”” referring to the trilobed lip.

slender, 39 mm long, Poy Sespitose; roots slender but a thick es the ramicanl. Ramicauls erect,
Seon llptical, stented by 2-4 i i iliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coria-
long. Ste ee ma wide, contracted below into a petiole 1 mm
5-20 mm long, with the flo. ee Se ete secrms 10-27 mon kong icing de anes ede
long; namo mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepal ial tei linea bieoes pale yellow, plabrous,
lateral ae above the middle, acute, concave, 4 mm long, 15

-75 mm long, 1 mm oT ee Pr the lateral sepals narrowly triangular, oblique,
¢ obtuse,

ath column ce. ne, anterior Margin, the disc ached biceah truncate, hinged to the
sigma vena ne ih sal, apical wingrat ine et Hinged othe
JAMAICA: On trunks of :
pre pas ie lope IaNareae nae Gap and Vinegar Hill, alt. 4000 ft., Feb. W. Harris
John Crow ‘ (AMEs, , icinity of +6 . >” tree,
Apparently it was first ams Small area of Jamaica, is rarely collected.
no, Carden in 1906, and the a aniel Lord Britton of the New York Botan-
ive “* : ene uion label of the specimen is labeled with a

from acollection by Hanis 1908 The species was described three years later

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 85

Trichosalpinx trilobata is distinguished by the minute habit with the leaves as
well as the ramicauls less than one centimeter long. The eteten pee? one or
distantly two-flowered, surpasses the leaf. The minute flowers,
tively long pedicels, are usually cleistogamous. Occupying the lower earn of the lip,
the lobes of the lip are large and rounded with a minute or microscopic callus on the
anterior margin that had not been recorded before.

Trichosalpinx tropida (Luer) Luer, Phytologia 54: 398, 1983. Fig. 88.

Bas: Pleurothallis tropida Luer, Phytologia 49: 219, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin sropis, “a keel,” referrin, g the carina on

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect to suberect, prolific, usually 2-3
superposed, each 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-4 4 closely appressed, minutely ciliate, sheaths.
Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous. cal, obtuse, 9-12 mm long, 5-1 aa tide se an

ong.

up to 3 om long, including the filiform peduncle ca. 1 cm Ie caer te i on

bracts 0.5 mm ong; pedicel 1.52 mm long: ovary 0:5 mi OS Pong, ES man wie, 3

subcarinate, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, obtuse, lightly acuminate, 2.5 mm long, tna’

veined, the lateral sepals free, ovate-triangular, oblique, 2 mm long, mm wide, 1- petals trans re

Inoent yellow, Broadly elliptical, obtuse, | mm long, 0.6mm wide, I-veined; Hp pis pom, Get
sheet grat lander A the base deflexed, subirancate, hinged 10 the

the

column- foot column terete with a pair of antrorse, apical wings
foot 0.5 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma ventral.

1. kille above El Valle, alt- 1000 m, 2

PANAMA: Prov. of Coclé: epiphytic i ge &
Sept. 1976, C. Luer & H. Butcher 1120 Teas SEL).

Superficially this little species is similar to T. dura and T. carinilabia sare
but it differs from them in the entire, thick, obovate lip with a single, pro
iddle. It was originally

carina extending from the deflexed base to above the m
mistaken for Pleurothallis broadwayi vat. tricarinata (T. carinilabia).

Ph 54; 398, 1983.Fig. 89.
Trichosalpinx der esi ap & 5 ie, ere rk MLE mes 6.
allusion to

= ease pelea mh pena bomeaa “in
Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, prolific, branching, eres? 1 ical from the apex. 2-

tall; roots slender at the base. Ramicauls ascending, > Prodi oe sheaths with minutely $c2-
4 cm long (the low or amical oem long), enclosed Y 61a pi ae, 23 oe 2-3 mm

a Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, sem! -flowered
wide, contracted below into a petiole 1-3 mm Jong. of a ramicaul,
raceme 4-5 aoe oat including the filiform peduncle 1 Sonn en subcar-
floral bracts 1.5 mm long: pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary 1 mm Tons: 2mm wide, 3-veined, barely
inate, the dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, acute, concave, 7 mm .s 7mm long, | mm
connate to the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals 0.6 mm wide te nod: lip yellow.
wide, l-veined; petals translucent, elliptical, acute, 2 mm long, with the apex rounded

we-trilobed’ 2.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the apical lobe antrorse, the disc with
ened, te tral lbes bow the mile, Se 2 jel down the

ae . oh oa osen. td £ he | te n-foot;
center of the lip for two thirds the length, the base narrow pracny ee hinge ine anther apical the
eee tote, 15am bes with small, obtuse, apical Wings.
stigma ventral.

Jan. 1970, L. A. Garay & H.

COLOMBIA: Dept. ct Anos: city Sami HOON"
R. Sweet 1066 (Holotype: AMES), C. Luer illustr. 16285.

86 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx vagans is known only from the type-collection from the Central
Cordillera of Colombia. The accompanying description and illustration were made

margins of the lobes course onto the anterior lobe instead of being deflexed: a tall,
longitudinal keel is located in the center; and the anterior lobe is prominently cellu-
lar-glandular,

Trichosalpinx webbiae Luer & Escobar, Orquideolo 16: 188, 1984. Fig. 90.
Ety.: Named in honor of Marguerite Webb sae &L xorg Easton, CT, who PSaGL i, this

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose to shortly repent: i I
s > pent; roots proportionately coarse.
Ramicauls ca. | mm long, enclosed by lepanthiform sheaths with microscopi

ovale, Concave, acute, shortly acuminate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm
acuminate to the middle into an oblong, bifid lamina with acute,
1 apices, 6 mm long, 2mm wide, each 1-veined: petals translucent, obovate, 2.25 mm long,
nibbbed wrifspeie rch te, irregular or obscurely trilobed; lip light yellow, ovate-
3 mm long, 1.5mm Wide across the lobes, the apical lobe ovate with the ar dod; the
re ri below the middle, erect, obtuse, oblique and antrorse, the disc with a pair of rounded calli
ne tthe bases of the lobes, the base truncate, hinged to the column-foot; column terete,

2mm long, the foot shor, the anther subapi J sites :

2. ony Ci of Antioquia: Medellin, epiphytic in cloud forest, Cerro Padre Amaya, alt. 2800 m,
Pe above sate Luer, R. Escobar & M. Webb 8765 (Holotype: SEL); El Retiro, Monte de los
rquideas, alt. ca. 2700 m, 16 May 1993, C. Luer 16914 (MO).

* _ © Sepals are shortly acuminate the petals are irregularly trun-
vate, and the lobes of the lip occ the lo: f : nes f th
lobes are similar to fetes if wer half. The calli at the bases of the

Tric i wilhelmii Luer
. > Sp. NOV, 91
Ety. cc, 0OFoE De. Sennen Wick, fomety of Srscs, rie. o-dosonere™ 2
f Pang irae (Lindl) Luer affinis sed lahelio euntk:...: ee dual illi
t : ER fi
3 speed ack PS ee hamesdgenda ger
' enclosed by cally » lepanthiform sheaths
sss 7 Sma Carron ence ear
bene Wide, below into a petiole 1 mm long. Inflorescence a

“le 5-10 mm long, from near the sae Lowered raceme, 15-25 mm long including the filiform pedun-
. I bracts ciliate, 0.75 mm long: pedicels 1 mm

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 87

long; ovary 0.4 mm long; sepals yellow, glabrous, tall-carinate, thickened toward the apices, the dorsal

sepal ovate, concave, acute, slightly acuminate, 2.5 mm long, 1-1 .25 mm wide, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals barely connate basally, narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, 2.5 mm nn 0.75 mm bia 1-veined;
mm i

thirds, the disc channeled centrally between a pair of mammillate ‘calli above the 1s middle, the base trun-
cate, eae to the column-foot; column terete, winged at the apex, 0.5 mm long, the anther apical, the
stigma ventral.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Napo: Archidona, alt. 550 m, ig re A. Hirtz 888 (Holotype: MO; Isotype:

SEL); Guacamayo Range south of Baeza, alt. ca. 1000 m, Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz irtz & A.

Andreetta 3261 (SEL); : orange trees ob: Tinalandia, alt. 800 m, 16 Aug. 1975, C.
, G. Luer & S. Withelm tm 532 (SEL).

This little species, found uncommonly on both sides of the Andes of Ecuador,
closely resembles the frequent and variable T. dura-complex with which it is
sympatric. The ramicauls of both species are prolific, but densely clumped plants
are formed. The small leaves are similarly often striped with purple along the three
veins, The racemes of both species are similar, those of T. wilhelmii being smaller
with shorter bracts and pedicels. The small sepals are tall-carinate; the tiny petals
are translucent with a microscopically erose, rounded apex; and the minute lip is
cellular and fleshy. with erect, rounded sides, and a pair of central, calli.

Trichosalpinx yanganensis (Luer) Luer, Phytlogie 54; 397, 1093. Fig. 92.
Bas.: Pleurothallis yanganensis Luer, Phytologia 49 981.
.: Named for the community o’ Leet an ae smpocics was collected.
mall, epiphytic, caespitose; roots veug Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-4.5 se long, enclosed
by 2-6 seats appressed, microscopically cil te, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, © r 3 mm long.
subacute to obtuse, 12-25 mm long, 5-9. 5 mm wide, contracted below into sere ner
ce a suberect, loose, secund, simultaneously few-flo
the peduncle ca. 1 cm long, from near the apex of a rami ; floral
Bee ores 075-1 pan love ong; sepal a eed
dorsal sepal ov ovate, acute, deeply concave, | 8-9 den lng, 453 pete, 7-3 01m say 5 aes wie,
connate 3.5 mm, each 1-veined; petals trans ce angular 25 3m wide
wide, 1-veined; lip orange, suffused with brown, cheng ores low, thi
across the lobes, the apical half oblong with the apex truncate, hinged to the
rounded, below the middle, the disc shallowly sulcate, pyrene pares the Foo! 1. 5 mm long.
column-foot; column terete, 3 mm long, the anthe: er subapical, the
alt. 2250 m,

ECUADOR: P ja: epiphytic in cloud forest south of Yangana apap southeast of
11 May 1981, C. hing | Luer. J. Kuhn & D’ Alessar wT: Flores 10813
= toward army post, alt. 2400 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer,

).

to the lat

This small species, related to T. renuis and its allies, is kno of
ern Ecuador. itis. distinguished from them by the ae: ew lowed sepal is
orange, brown-striped flowers, longer than the elliptical leaf. als ombined. The
deeply concave, much broader than the narrow, lateral sep sahiee below the
oblong petals are broadly rounded at the apex. The lip is

middle with low, broadly rounded lateral lobes. The disc Is

88

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

as _ 5mm

Fig. 30. Trichosalpinx atropurpurea

Fig. 32. Trichosalpinx carinilabia

Fig. 31. Trichosalpinx barbelifera

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 36. Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 91

Fig. 39. Trichosalpinx dalstroemii Luer

92 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 93

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

a SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 65. Trichosalpinx notosibirica (T. mastophora)

—

Fig. 66. Trichosalpinx nymphalis

ire)

Fig. 68. Trichosalpinx parsonsii

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

Fig. 71. Trichosalpinx pumila

100 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 76. Trichosalpinx scabridula

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 101

102 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 84. Trichosalpinx tenuis

- SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX
103

Fig. 87. Trichosalpinx trilobata

104 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

EPERULTS Cee Wei oes t ene cast ca ERs a et

Fig. 91. Trichosalpinx wilhelmii

Fig. 92. Trichosalpinx yanganensis

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 105
SUBGENUS PSEUDOLEPANTHES
Trichosalpinx bricenoénsis Luer & Escobar

Vv. Fig. 93.

Ety.: Named for the community of Bricefio near where the species is apparently endemic.

__ Species haec T. _pseudolepanthes ( (Luer & Escobar) Luer similis, sed ovario longispiculato, petalis
differt.

st, pelalate, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, comparatively stout, 1.5-2.5 cm

long, cies by 4-5 densely short-ciliate, lepanthiform Leaf erect, coriaceous, suffused with
saa pandiagene bance! peacatseg © to obtuse, apiculate, 14-18 mm long, 9-11 mm wide, the base
ontracted into a petiole ca. 2 mm long. Inflorescence a strict, loose, successively many-flowered
stead tet0 13 con cm long, borne by a fi , sparsely spiculate peduncle 1-2 cm cm long, from near the

sepals free, ovate, oblique, acute, concave, 2.8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined; petals purple, ovate,
acute, oblique, 2.5 mm long, 1.2. mm wide; lip purple, a OT eet 1.5 mm wide, 4

apex crenate,

whew the base broadly truncate, moth edt the ba ofthe column; coma ppl, rt
» I base sions the anther sie &/

rang , but column

6
COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Yarumal, road to B Briceiio, Quebrada El Oro, alt. 1850 m, 1
Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, W Teague & S. “abet 14196 (Holotype: MO, Isotype: JAUM).

This species, apparently restricted to a small, area in the Western Cordillera of
Colombia, is most closely allied to the widely distributed T. pseudolepanthes. It is
distinguished from the latter by the long-spiculate ovary, instead of — much
broader petals with a basal angle on the upper margin, and a shorter, broader li

94.
Trichosalpinx calceolaris Luer & ares pe nov.
Ety.: From the Latin ne “Bee to the appearance of the lip.
Planta parva, foliis 1 P b via, gins oii Ineo

Plant small, epiphytic, coeapitonds; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.52.5 em long, en-
closed by 4 long-ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, 335m is wie mi
elliptical, 12-18 mm long including a : petiole 2-3 mm long, leg mm apex obtuse mae?
ao av : phen its. long, from near the
Mere neon apt cs on, brby 2 form, special en I cm

long,
dorsal
spiculate, 1 mm long; sepals white, sparsely long-spiculate eed
acute, concave, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide Se mi,
sepals connate into an ovate, acute, oman are sy
wide, 1-veined;
narrowly linear, acute, 4.5 mm long, 0. ms pay ths Ph

flowered
COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Urrao, Pabén, ao oan 7 MOY coeds jae and
in cultivation at Esiomborgidess. 5 May 998, 93, C. Luer 1672. Ps
Carmen de Atrato, collected Posada, Aug. | 1p) ewe bo eer he
deas, May 1995, C. Luer 17592 MOY north of the pes bowen Dom and Carmen

m, 30 May 199: 995, C. Luer, J Luer, fail
area around a we' , windy pass in the

This species, apparently endemic in a
Western Cordillera of Colombia, is fags eran to T. penta. tard
tively, the two species are very flowers are also similar

106 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Trichosalpinx decorata Luer & Escobar, Sp. nov. Fig. 95.
Ety.: From the Latin decoratus, “decorated,” referring to the sparsely fimbriate petals.
Planta parva. foliis late allies. eee ee iorib inis breviciliat; isl in
I F evionibus, vaginis breviciliatis, sepalis lateralibus
synsepalum ovatum connatis » petalis anguste ovatis marginibus sparsim loncispiculatic dict; guitur.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Reiniconizemee. delle 15-17 mm long, enclosed
by 4 shortly ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, 13-15 mm long including a
ore = mm long, 6.5-7.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse to tounded, apiculate, the base contracted into
peti hi . i

> Spiculate, 1 mm long; pedicels 0.5 mm long; ovary glabrous, 1 mm long; sepals yellow-
green, long-spiculate extemally, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, acute, concave on the lower
two thirds, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide unexpanded, 3-veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral
sepals connate into an ovate, acute, concave synsepal, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined: petals yellow-
green, suffused with purple on the basal third, oblong, acute, 4 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 1-veined, with
the margins sparsely long-spiculate- lip yellow with the callus purple, fleshy, ovoid, 2.25 mm long, 1.4
dal callus n& SP&% obtuse, the margins minntely crenulate, the Sise with © inent, erect, i-
dal callus, tama, crunt surface, the base smooth, concave, broadly truncate, inflenibly seached
to the base of the column; column yellow-green, erect, Stout, terete, 1 mm long, the anther exposed on

Ciao iene (Holotype De Wilde, shopbes )
' *MO). Dept. of Chocé: above San José del Pai , Cerro. del Torra, alt. 1920
m, 8 Jan. 1984, F. A. Silverstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, A. Duque & H. Bayona 1637, 1640 (CUVC, MO).

> but the connate lateral sepals, and the
Sparsely long-spiculate, outstretched petals are distinctive, The lip is basically the

Trichosalpinx ; ectopa Luer & Escobar, sp. nov. Fig. 96.

Ety.: Giles he ee
Planta parva, foliis late «1:...:.: are ; ;
* ti lit . A I ae uilon is, e rs e ibus,

concave lace ey Raat camonis pics cum dente banat lone, vaginis lepanthifonmit

will

by 23 miamely cae Pena ees 7 ender Ramicanis erect, slender, 5-15 mm long, encioeed
8 mm wide, the Chie to apt. Leal erect, coiaceco, broadly diggs nes eee
cence a stick, loose successively ma aPiults, the base cuneate into a Doge Pane
Feil 10-15mm ong, fem nar th apr re 6m leg, bome by « fons, peat
I mm long; ovary sparsely sine 8 Famicaul; floral bracts spiculate, 1 i
Pas ota wis » 0.8 mm long; Sepals translucent orange, enkbayanct ape
the I; : ©, 2.5mm long, 1.75 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, free from the
ined; Ovate, » Obli 2.5 mm 1.5 mm wide, 1-
inflened bee a ck, narrowly obovate, astern: long, !

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 107

disc with a prominent prowlike callus, teriorly, 1 h below the middle, the
base truncate, broadly fixed to the base of the column; column red, erect, stout, terete, 1.25 mm long, the

of

MBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Yarumal, epiphytic in forest above Quebrada El Oro, alt.

1850 m, 16 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Teague & S. Dalstrém 14202 (Holotype: MO). Dept. of

Valle del Cauca: epiphytic in forest above San José del Palmar, Alto de Los Galapagos, alt. 2100 m,
by A. De . aba

pass
Escobar et al. 17647 (MO).

This species occurs widely distributed in the Central Cordillera and the West-
ern Cordillera of Colombia. It grows intermixed with the closely related T. calceo-
laris and T. pseudolepanthes, but it is readily distinguished from them by the very
small flower with spreading lateral sepals, thick petals with a basal tooth, and a
smaller lip. The callus of the lip is verrucose only on the anterior surface, the poste-
rior surface concave and smooth all the way to the base.

Trichosalpi | uer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 183, 1984 Fig. 97.

Ety.: From the Greek pseudo-, ‘*false,” and the genus
pearance of this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, comparatively stout, 1.5-4.5 cm
long, enclosed by 4-6 ciliate, 1 mr y sh with

1-2 mm 1 orescence a s eee et Seon dp Dias
a filiform, sparsely spiculate peduncle 1-2.5 cm near
1-3 mm long; pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; ovary at aepegel
1.5 mm long; sepals pale y to purple, ph pa xternally, the d sepal ovate, acute,
, concave, 2.75-4.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide e: rage
lateral sepals free, sgincclagtha, ove, oblique, acute, concave, 2.6-3.2 - — pape tart wide, I
i narrowly ovate, acute, acuminate, subfalcate, 2-4 mm long, 0.0- y 2 Al a .

v ; petals

fleshy, ovoid, 2.2 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide,

disc with a prominent, erect, ded, papi ose callus, the base truncate, smooth,

base of t a sur A ee eae, 1.25 mm long, the anther exposed’ on he
eS os Ee

prem ts Quebrada El Oro
COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Yarumal, epiphytic . Legeleey TAUM), C. Laer illustr.
1850 m, 20 May 1983, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 2623 Holotype’ © "77 Tuer, W. Teague & S.
9143: road to Bricefio, Quebrada El Oro, alt. 1850 m, 16 Mar. ae 3000 m, 16 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J.
Dalstrdm 14196 (MO); epiphytic in forest on road to El Cedro, a San José del Palmar, Cerro
Luer, W. Teague & S. Dalstram 14205 (MO). Dept. of eet j
Torra, epiphytic in cloud forest above the lipuerto,
Sopkin, N. Pon ie Goiulles JE. Ramos, LH. Ramos & A. Hena® $e. oat 3884-88, versione-
the summit, alt. 1940-2450 m, 30 Aug. 1988, National SSOGNOT 7 4ag0, 4900 (CUVC, MO). Dept.
Sopkin, N. Paz, R.T. Gonzélez, J. E. Ramos, L. H. Ramos & 20°. Aina de Los Galapagos, alt
of Valle del Cauca: epiphytic in cloud forest above Son 077 "0 Tin 16810 (MO)
2050 m, 13 May 1993, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar, A. De
; 5 ntral western cordilleras
Lads caged tee eupsaytnt nd anes — elongated, succes-
of Colombia. In habit, it appears S ilar to Lepa

i the fleshy lip
are free, the petals are acuminate, and nt +9
papillose callus. The broadly truncate base is inflexibly attached to the pedes
like base of the column.

108 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

pr ean rhs cose agi g eakge Fig. 98.
De KI. (— £ 44.2 *
pecies.
Species hace doli th (I & FB: bar) I ffini d talis t late aneulati label-
1 Lire ee PD + We he See ea SS RW ag EO He a
ssiedo, dialect

Plant small init daphne caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, comparatively stout, 2-3. 5 cm
long, enclosed by 3-8 ciliate-spiculate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, broadly e
subacute to obtuse, mucronate, 12-20 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, the base contracted into a petiole ca. 1
mm long. Inflorescence a a strict, loose, successively many-flowered raceme, up to 11 cm long, borne by

the the rami piculate, i

1 to
ba the dorsal al sepal lengespiceintes externally, ovate, acute, arcuate, arcuate, concave, 4mm long, 1.5mm
wide expanded, 3-veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals free, approximate, ovate, oblique

broadly ovate, concave, obtuse, with the margins margins denticulate-papillose, the disc with a tall, erect, slender,
triangular, papillose callus, the hypochile oblong, truncate, smooth, broadly fixed to the base of the
column; column erect, stout terete, clavate. 1.5 mm long,

erect gynostemium, the stigma 1, but fz th olumn.

2

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Chocé: Munic. San José del Palmar, Cerro del Torra, cuenca del Rio Negro
below the heliport, alt. 1900 m, 17 Aug. 1988, J. E. Ramos, P. Silverstone, L. H. Ramos et al. 1306
(Holotype: CUVC; Isotype: MO);

Anis SPecies is one of six of this closely related group that occurs on the remote

the others, T. ramosii is distinguished by free, glabrous, lateral sepals with the

dorsal sepal long-spiculate; acute, triangular petals with retrorse basal angles; and a

spathulate lip with the epichile cordate and concave with a denticulate margin but
smooth within, and a tall, papillose, gnomon-like callus in the center.

i inx silverstonei Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 99.
Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Phillip Silverstone-Sopkin of Cali, Colombia, co-discoverer of this
Planta parva, foliis wpe § ramicanlibus paulo brevibus, vaginis longispiculatis ad ostium dilatatis,
Verrucoso age callo erecto
4-6 long Fate 1 eaPhYtiC, cacspitose sewage banat Ramicauls erect, stout, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by

~ciliate, lepanthiform
green with veins coriaceous.
ci 6m ng ac pene ii cr

8, long-spiculate; sepals purple, ae toward the
Ovate, acute, concave, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 3-

inflexibly hed to the } cn » Surface with tt , the base smooth, concave,

psa el fa os em et, Hot, es, 0.5 mm long, the anther ex-

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Chocé:

primary rainforest a 1920 ae José del Palmar, Cerro del Torra, above the heliport,
verstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, 520-150, 11 Aug 1988, Nations Society grant 3884-88, P. Sil-

Isotype: MO). onzdlez, J. E. Ramos, L.H. Ramos & 4 Hot ee 4 (Holotype: CUVC:

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 109

This species was collected with T. spathulata and T. uvaria by Phillip Silver-
stone and associates in rain forest on Cerro Torré in the Chocé of Colombia, where
all three are apparently endemic. Related to T. pseudolepanthes, all three are simi-
lar vegetatively with comparatively stout ramicauls with long, ciliate-spiculate
sheaths and purple-veined, dark green leaves, but each with a distinct flower.
Trichosalpinx silverstonei is eee eee ve the SU caltie aa large, overlap-
ping, suborbicular petals, and a small lip wi

Trichosalpinx spathulata Luer, sp. nov. Fig. 100.
Pern ees spat,” macing ET

longs, ain gia

ostium dilatatis, sepalis spiculatis, lateralibus I liberi, petalis 1 gi-u unguicul pathulati sis

Plant very small, epiphytic, cacspitose roots slender. Ramicauls erect, stout, 10-18 mm “ue
3-4 long ‘orm sheaths with Leaf green with purple veins,
coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 10-15 mm long including a Lage’ 1 mm long, 7-10 mm wide, the
cuneate into the petiole. ena SNe a loose, successivel any-flowered ra raceme, up to Ge 6cm fio
including the cle ca. 1 cm long, from near
n> 1p koe iene s 1 mm long; ovary 1 —— sepals rose rose, long-spiculate extemally
dorsal sepal obovate, acute, concave, 2.5 mm long, | mm wii ie sears epee
long, 1.5 mm veined; petals rose,
ty we lip ra a eee ae 28an et the daw 1 mm long, 1.5 mm
half

by yaaa aaa dilated with lobulated margins, the base
echt eater berbnire eet iy obulated margins, the Pe Tong, the anther

a se ee of Chocé: Munic. of San José del Palmar, Cerro del Torré, —e the a
rest, alt. 1920-1950 m, 11 Aug. 1988, National Geographii emp peng ted
Sales Septie, ON, Paz, BT Cette Ed H. & A. Henao 450 (Holotype: CU
: MO); Cerro del Torr, betw and mesa, 28 Aug. 1988, Nati . Ste F : sed
grant 3884-88, P. Siversione Spin, oe R. T. ewe E. Ramos, L. H. Ramos & #- ©
egro

Geographic S 3884-88 3.3, E. Ramos, P. pester es ;
4d Tocts, bone bekont, at 1920 m, 8 Jan. 1984, "E Silverstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, A. Duque & H.
1642 (CUVC).

This species, apparently endemic in in rain forest on Cerro Tors inthe Chace ot
Colombia, is allied to T. silverstonei and T. uvaria, compan tee ss
pseudolepanthes. Vegetatively, it is small with a eit eegrertat
closed by long-ciliate sheaths. The flow conca’
sepals; long-unguiculate, broadly spathulate, erose petals; an

finger-like callus. The margins of the lip are lobulate

Trichosalpinx uvaria Luer, sp. NOV- ‘
Ety.: rPocssthd Tosi bile . tase bunch of grapes,” fovenctkEeeEenaset i
equalongis vaginis

Planta parva, fi as
spiclaie of otiom dilate, a ee
uncinato et labelli grandi crasso erecto

Ramicauls
Plant small, epiph _ caespitose; roots slender.
Satie san beeeakos aoole ee
ellipti to obtuse with a
mm long, 5-10 mm wide, the base cune
many-fl ng, 5-10 min wd, he cue ac

110 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ramicaul; floral bracts acuminate, long-spiculate, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 0.75 mm long; ovary 0.8 mm
long; sepals white, the dorsal sepal long-spiculate e. externally, ovate, acute, concave, 3.5-4.5 segue
wide expanded, 3-vein the late: lateral sepals glabrou

sal surfa th and continuous with the claw-like | the bas e, inflexibly at-
umn erect, stout, terete, 1mm (ora the persia exposed on the
ventral surface of the erect gynostemium, the stigma ventral.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Chocé: Munic . of San José ‘ad Palmar, Cerro del Torra, above the he eliport,
primary rain forest, alt. 1920-1950 m, 11 Aug. 1988, National Geographic Society grant 3884-88, P. *

N. Paz, R. T. Gonzdlez, J. E. Ramos. i ge pena eos 4322 (Holotype: CUV!
isotype: MO); Cerro del del Torra, below summit, alt. 1940-2450 m, 30 Aug. 1988, National hse
Society grant 3884-88, P. Silverstone-Sopkin, N. Paz, R. T. Gonzédlez, J. E. Ramos, L. H. Ramos & A.
Henao 4898 (CUVC).

This species, €s, apparently endemic in rain forest on Cerro Torr in the Chocé of
Colombia, is closely allied to T pseudolepanthes, but T. uvaria is smaller vegeta-
tively with a comparatively stout ramicaul enclosed by long-spiculate sheaths;
smaller flowers; petals with a Prominent, hook-like lobe above the base; and a lip
with a proportionately large callus that occupies two-thirds of the lip. It is promi-
nently lobulate-papillose like a bunch of grapes.

zunagensis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov. Fig. 102.
Ety.: eee © Zujiag in east-central Ecuad. Ecuador where the species was discovered.
Planta parva foliis elliptic; lit

oes = ibus, vaginis ciliatis, sepalis lateralibus in synsepa-
ovatum partim peta & anonet?, 4 1.L.n: n . 7 oe 5

Plant small, epiphytic, » caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls e gee ee et de sast enclosed by
4-6 ciliate, lepanthiform orm sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse, 25-33 mm long including a
parole 3mm long. 10-14 mm wide, te base cuneate inthe the petiole. Inflorescence a

ely several.

sepals connate se a Keer See op

narrowly triangular, acute, 5 mm 1 1 , elliptical-
void, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex obtuse wi th the Reins “i hemcdetan an
erect, oblong, gts ate callus » Papillose on the front “rahe much narrower ete the blade, the base

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pastaza: epiphytic in cloud forest Zufiag,
Hirtz, S. Dalstréve, 1. Arnby, J. Del Hierro, E. Astorga, est ss 2 Mo).
Rab dy caste iene epsemad: i a remote, mountainous area of central
re is Closely alli ombian T. calceolaris and T pseudolepanthes,
prc zunagensis is aoe ene with fewer wer, larger, orange flowers. It is also
‘ soir ree cha a a eerdinndiie ne
is tly cla
iis a ightly vate at the rounded apex. It is much

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX be lll

112 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 113

Fig. 101. Trichosalpinx uvaria

114 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM
SUBGENUS XENIA

Trichosalpinx ballatrix Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 178, ong Fig. 103.
Ety.: From the Latin ballatrix, “a ballet dancer,”’ in fancied allusion to the flowe

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-10 mm long,
‘orm sh

enclosed by 2-3 minutely scabrous, lepanthif eaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, mottled with purple
enya y elliptical, obtuse, 6-10 mm long, 4-6.5 mm wide, cuneate below into a petiole 1 mm
long. Infl ce a delicate, loose, successively : 2- to oper raceme, , 20-40 mm long, including
the filiform peduncle ca. 15 mm long, f Pp : ts 1.5 mm long;
pedicels —- 5 mm long; ovary 0.7. ] Is light yell ffused with rose, especially along

atten tail-like apex

the veins carinate, glabrous , the dorsal se sepal obo ate, obtuse, contracted into an
ca. 4mm long, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, Sciaoe, fr free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals ovate.
Se with the tail 4 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, 1-veined, connate at the

base; petals translucent yellow, m ee attenuate, caudate, mk oe
the tail 2mm long, 1 mm wide; lip yellow, suffused wi “4 «ok
at, obovate, 1.5 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, the ap dad eth *e ee icttinan he

Ed Len hall,

conca ve between, the base
subtroncate, c convex, deeply © concave beneath; column stout, semiterete, ‘lL mm long, the pera and
stigma subapical, the foot

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Medellin, epiphytic in cloud forest west of Medellin, east of

alt. 2380 m, 22 Apr. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar et al. 8748 (Holotype: SEL); Munic
: {yea Rio Herradura, alt. ca. 2500 m, 13 May 1983, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 2588 (GAUM;

This species is rare and endemic in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Vegeta-
tively, it is characterized by very small, broadly elliptical leaves far surpassed by
the loose, successively few-flowered raceme. Distinct from all the other species
brought together into Trichosalpinx, the sepals and petals are long-caudate. The lip
is obovate and shallowly cleft near the apex between a pair of low, rounded calli.
The base is convex and deeply concave beneath.

i escobarii Luer, sp. no Fig. 104.
Ety.: Named in honor of — ecober R. of Medellin, Colombia, authority on the orchids of
Colombia, Ww! ho discovered this species.

Planta parva, foliis anguste ellipticis ramicaulibus brevioribus, vaginis oe age
ovatis liberis petali ‘ore fimbriato.

‘aa aes parked amit

57 Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-5 cm long, enclosed by
/ minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrow! ly elliptical, acute, 25-

Spay te ikesiee » narrowly cuneate below into a petiole 3-4 mm long. parece strict,

ing the filiform peduncle 2-4 cm long, from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm long;

Pedicels 1-1.5 mm white, suffused with rose

Mag glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, subacute, concave, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, 3-veined, free from
. se re ater sepals fre, spreading, ovate, acute acute, oblique, 3.2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-

the midvein, membranous, obov:

thick, deeply sul
suberect, terete, ache yaaa Canute”

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Cundinamarca: lected by R-

Represa de Sisga north of alt. 2880 m, co by
Maseat & E- Valencia, 27 Feb. 1987, iecabdl i cakevaies scaadeokbe 12 Apr. 1989, J. X.
Munera 607 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illaste 445.

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 115

This species is distinguished from the other species of the subgenus by the
membranous sepals and petals, broadly obtuse petals, and a fleshy, three-lobed lip.
The anterior lobe is fringed and cleft between calli from the lateral lobes. The later-
al lobes are acute, antrorse, and basally thick and broadly sulcate between.

Trichosalpinx hypocrita (Garay & Dunst.) Luer, er, PhytOlOEe 54: 395, 1983. Fig. 105.
Bas.: Pleurothallis hypocrita | so & Dunst., Venez. Orchi 6; 344, 197

Ety.: From the Greek hypocrites 2 a ct bo ili
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-5 cm long, enclosed
eh minutely ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, srect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute, 15-20
long, 1 ee ee ea mm long. Inflorescence a loose, lightly flexe-
ous, y several me. 3-6 cm long, including the filiform peduncle 1.5-2 cm
long, i floral bracts 1.5 mm long; pedicels Imm long; ovary 1 mm
long: jeaetn serch Lente gabon, the dorsal sepal obovate, subacute, long-acuminate,
valegs ide, 1-veined, free from the lateral sepals, the
concave with the apex recurved, mm long, * wi v q ssi cas oe
mm

lateral sepals t j , acute,
2mm wide together, each peek als rear yellow, obovate, broadly obtuse, 1.66 long,
0.8 mm pacha lip purple, fleshy, at glandular, oblong-obovate, 1 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, pega
0.8 mm Wide HP PvPacly rouded, the disc with a pair of smal, c calli above the middle, 8
thickened, truncate, broadly attached to the col foot in purple, stout, terete, 1 mama JOR,
subapical, the stigma ven'

S. S. Tillew
VENEZUELA: Edo. Zulia: Sierra de Perijé, headwaters of the Rio Negro, alt. ca. 3000 m
746-682 (Holotype: AMES); headwaters of Rio Guasare, alt. 2700-3300 m, 20.23 July 1974, c.W.
Wood & P. E. Berry 76 (MO, VEN). alt.
COLOMBIA: Dept. of Magdelena: Sierra de Perija, east of Manaure eben a sepur e yy
ketene m, 10 Nov. 1959, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Romero 3 25183 Us}, Sa wel GEL). GEL.

at Colomborquideas, 6 1983, C. Luer

r, collected by E. Valencia, cultiv

tty, little species from Santa Marta in in Colom in vcr Te tg

distinguished by the raceme of several, simultaneous, delicate flowe lk

epanthopsis, but the column is ee
acuminate

pearance of the habit suggests L

stigma united into a single lobe. The sepals are ac sal
middle; the petals are obtuse, and the tiny lip is thick ah pai of in .
calli on the disc above the middle. These calli, present on the
as the type, are not mentio oned in the description.
Fig. 106.
Pe: lilliputalis (Luer pigted nh 2) Le oo Se: 52: 118, 1994
: Lepanthopsis lilliputa J was minute.

Ety.: Named for the fictional country Vv! visited by Gulliv everything 25

Plant small, up to 8 cm tall, epiphytic ytic, prolific; roots 45 en sheaths, micr ically
another ramical from the apex, 10-15 mm long, encloses carey elliptical, acote, 9-12 mm long,
ciliate along brown ribs, and wi ST +o rose, secund, simultaneously

SJ

—_ Tong; pedicels 1 mm long: OO free from the
shape edie ras hebey vate, subacute, unm tong, 0.9 2m Wide 3-80 en wide 1-
lateral sepals the lateral sepals free recurved, ovate, acute, oblique, cide: Iie , cellular

aed, ; ovate, acute mm Jong. 0° 1 Jong, 1.1 mm wide expand
‘ + terete, 0.5

glandular,
ot the dine with a pair of parallel callist at the base,
mm long, the anther dorsal, the sgme vent : 4 a8
5612 moe ‘10. ‘e Loer ast. oe se a Sem
15575 (MO).

116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This tiny species, apparently endemic in lowland northwestern Ecuador, is
characterized by the prolific habit with lepanthiform sheaths, and with simultane-
ously multifl d, d The free, ovate sepals are about 1.5 milli-
meters long; the petals are elliptical and acute, and the broad, trilobed lip bears a
pair of basal calli. The column is short with a dorsal anther and an entire, ventral
stigma.

Trichosalpinx tenuiflora (Schltr.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 397, 1983. Fig. 107.
Bas.: Pleurothallis tenuiflora Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 488, 1913.
Ety.: From the Latin tenuiflorus, “with thin-textured flowers,” referring to the sepals and petals.
Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3.5 cm long,

enclosed by 4-6 ciliate, lepanthiform sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly elliptical,

_= + hel Ww = i. ‘fe APY L Ini

1.5-2.5 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate rE florescence aloces,
Iichtly fl oaten 14] 4 eee eee 1 = | eae 2 ‘toa ale A, 1

ca. 3 cm long, fi the apex of the ramicaul; fl J bracts 1 mm long; pedicels 1 mm long: ovary 1
mm long; sepals trans] light yellow-green, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, lightly concave,
2.75 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, 3-veined, free from the lateral sepals, the lateral 1 ite at the b

:

preading, ovate, obtuse, oblique, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 2-veined: petals yellow, membranous,
obovate, broadly obtuse, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, cellular-erose toward the apex; lip yellow, flesh:
cellular A » 1.75 mm long, 1 mm wide unexpanded, 1.25 mm deep, the
ed, the sides rounded, erect, very thick, deeply cate b ins below tl
erose sh |< (Soe +¢. 4 4 +1, 1

y>
+h oP Pe a and

fi t; colu yellow, suberect, stout, terete, LS

mm long, th th bapi 1, th tigma v 1
BOLIVIA: Dept. of Santa Cruz: epiphytic in forest north of “Meson,” near Samaipata, alt. 2000 m, Mar.
1911, Th. Herzog 1880 (Holotype ); epiphytic in moist forest above Mai

at B
La Yunga, near Samaipata, alt. 2090 m, 8 Sept. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & D. Ric 15412
( ectotyp A, g' @n4- AAS. T 1 P K, LPB).

This species is apparently endemic in central Bolivia. It was recently rediscov-
ered probably very near where it was originally collected by Herzog. It is distin-
guished from the other species of the subgenus by the obtuse, membranous sepals
and petals and an unusual, subquadrate, fleshy lip with cellular-glandular surfaces.
The sides are very thick and erect, creating a deep channel. Below the middle, the
margins are thin, narrow and erose. The lip, in the drawing of the flower published
by Schlechter, was undoubtedly forcibly spread.

117

Fig. 104. Trichosalpinx escobarii

Fig. 106. Trichosalpinx lilliputalis

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

Fig. 103. Trichosalpinx ballatrix

Fig. 105. Trichosalpinx hypocrita

118 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Fig. 107. Trichosalpinx tenuiflora

REFERENCES
Ames, O., 1933, A new genus the Pleurothallidinae. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 1:1, 1931.
BaRninoen, K., 1986, faa of Schlechter’s Costa Rican Orchidaceae L. Types collected by A.
Brenes. Fieldiana Bot. 17. 7: 1-24
CoGNiaux, A., 1896, Geli

iensis 579-587.
5...” 1910. Orchidaceae reoeturht ee Sees paicdng
nee L198. The orchids: natural natural history and

Antillanae 428-433.
and classification. Harvard University Press, Cam-
yee ll G.C.K. & L.A. Garay, 1959-1976, Venezuelan Orchids epepnaky pete ie
1979, Orchids of Venezuela, An Llustrated Field Gui oe
Foupats, E., 1970, Orchidaceae in Lasser, Flora of Venemel, 15, Orchidaceae 2: 173-452.
Lue, C. A. 1983 Trichosalpin,

4 new genus in the Pleurothallidinae. Phytologia 54: 393-398.
behee I. Systematics of the Ple Pleurothallidinae. Monogr. Syst.
sin Teones Pleurothallidinaram VIII. Systematics of Lepanthopsis. Monogr. Syst. Bot.

SoTO, M. A., 1987. Revision

(Méx.) 10: 278-296. Of the Mexican species of Trichosalpinx subgenus Trichosalpinx. Orquidea

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Dendrobium pusillum 2,74 Pleurothallis carinifera 14
Draconanthes 2,3 carinilabia
Humboldtia arbuscula 44 catharinensis 16
biflora 29 castellensis 14
chamaelepanthes 50 cedralensis 48
dinotheri 44 chaetoglossa
diptera 44 .
dura 56 ciliaris 20, 23, 24, 28
foliata 56 68
intricata 62 var.minor 68
lepanthiformis 20 ica 56
memor 26 costata 51
orbicularis 29 crucilabia 52
74 14
quitensis 75 curti-bradei 14
Lepanthes 2,3, 4, 5, 56, 68, 107 dependens 22
corazonis 50,51 dinotheri 44
jamesonii 30 diptera 44
68 dirhamphis 53
orbiculata 29,30 dura 56
quartzi 68 egleri 23
Lepanthopsis 23/115 falcipetala 72
subgen. Microlepanthes 3,6 flexibilis
apoda 14 foliata 47,56, 84
farrago 14 hypocrita 115
lilliputalis 115 i i
. 15 rs 62
obliquipetala 15 lepanthoides 44
Pabstiella 2 gnomonifera 26
Platystele 3 guadelupensis 56
xiphochila 6 guatemalensis 18
Pleurothallis 2, 3,4, 47, 68,74 hirsuta 21
subgen. Specklinia 3,5, inquisiviénsis 25
sect. Acuminatae 2, intricata 7
sect. Bipaleolatae 2,4 lancifera
sect. Brachystachyae 2,4 leaticularis 65
ect. Elongatae 2,4, 5 lepanthiformis 2, 20
sect. 5 lepanthipoda 56
sect. Lepanthiformes 2, 4 lepanthopsis
f 2 mastophora 70
sect. Muscosae 2,5, 35 mathinensis 15
subsect. iformes 2, 4,5 memor 26
acremona 5, 42 mentee: Te
aequatorialis 53,54 microgemma
42 minutipetala 26
amygdalodora 43
anomala 56
arbuscula 5,44 notosibirica 70,71
44 mouraei 56
‘aris 14 mouraeoides 15
berlineri 17 muliconpidets 6?
bicolor 14 myrtillus 48
bifl nana 69
. 8 navarrensis 28
bradei 14 aysiphelis. 71
I 26,27 obliquipetala 14
broadwayi 47,56, 58, 84 orbicularis 29
otarion 71

119

120 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ciliaris 2,4, 20,21
icularis 2, 4,29
74

Stelis 2

pinky 2, 3, 4,6, 14, 51, 67, 74, os 114
1,3, 5,6,7,

Trichosalpinx 2, 3, 4,
subgen. Tubella 2,3, 5,6, 7,9, 42, 81
subgen. Xenia 1,3, mE 13,114 pede:
Tubellae 5
os 4s 12, 14, 42, 49, 63, 88-Fig. 25.

ys wags mee pages 88-Fig. 26.

Hs a 1, 11, 14, 16, 43, 88-Fig. 27.

scimocala 5, 12, 14, 15, 44, 45, 46, 47
88-Fig. 28. a: 46, 47,77,

arbusculoides 14,44 45

Po ag 1, 12, 14, 46, 89-Fig. 30.,

tite et, 14, 114, 117-Fig. 103.

barbelifera 1, 12,1 4. 060Re ae

Trichosalpinx berlineri 8, 14, 17, 23, 36-Fig. 1.

bicolor 14
blaisdellii 3,5, 9, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21,
23, 24, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36-Fig. 2., 36-Fig. 3.,
Ses

bradei

reste) 14,

bricenoénsis 1, i: 14, 105, 111-Fig. 93

calceolaris 1, 13, 14, 105, 106, 107, 110,
111-Fig. 94.

carinifera 14
carmilabia 10, 11, 14, 47, 84, 85, 89-Fig. 32.

caudata 1, 8, 14, 20, 30, 37-Fig. 5.,
cedralensis 12, 14, 42, 48, 49, 52, 60, 63,
90-Fig. 33.

chaetoglossa 12, 14, 49, 90-Fig. 34.
thes 5,12, 14,15, 50, 51,80,
90-Fig. 35.,

90-Fig.
ciliaris 3,4, ‘5, 8, 14, 19, 20, 21, oo
costata 9, 14, 51, 52, 82, 91-Fig. 37
crucilabia 10, 14, 52, 91-Fig. 38.

14

i-bradei 14
dalstroemii 1, 10, 14, 52, 91-Fig. 3
decorata 1, 6, 13, 14, *% 11g 95
4, 17, 22,

23, 25, 31, 3Fig.1. Say i
dinotheri

dasaahie 9.1444 hh Oe
dithele 14,78

dressleri 9, 1, 14, $4, 92-Fig. 41.

drosoides 12, 14, 55, 92-
dunstervillei 11, 14, 42, 55, 56, i ueaeee 43.

egleri 4,5, 8, 14, 23, Fig. 9.
escobarii 1,6, 13, 14, 114, 117-Fig. 104.
falcipetala 14,72

farrago 14

fasciculata ee <9 eet

foliata 14, 56, 58, 84

fraticosa 12, 14, 59, 60, 93-Fig. 48.

gentryi 1, 13, 15, 60, 49

glabra 8, 15, 24, 38-Fig. 10.
woodiana

inaequisepala 10, 15, 62, 94-Fig.

inquisi siviénsis 8, 15,25, 32, 38-Fig. 11

intricata 10,11, 15, 49, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66,71,
75, 78, 95-Fig. 53.

jimburae 1, 10, 15, 46, 64, 95-Fig. 54.

lamellata 1, 10, 15, 64, 95-Fig. 55.

lankesteriana 15, 18, 19, 36-Fig. 4.
lenticularis 1, 11, 14, 65, 95-Fig. 56.
15,

ligulaia 1, 10, 15, 65, 66, 96-Fig. 57.
is 1, 6,13, 15, 117-Fig, 106.
1, 12, 15, 66, 96-Fig. 58.

SYSTEMATICS OF TRICHOSALPINX 121

Trichosalpinx mastophora 15, 70,71, 98-Fig. 65.
he

membraniflora 11, 15, 66, 67, 96-Fig.
ie i ee mei
38-Fig. 12., 39-Fig. 13., 39-Fig. 14.
metamorpha 1, 9, 15, 46, 67, Fig. 96-60.
microcharis 15,51

sinesipcte 15, 26, 27, 39-Fig. 13.

o
montana 9, 15, 54, 68, 97-Fig. 61.
pepe 15, 44, 45, 89-Fig. 29.
mouraeoides 15

wer enge 10, chang 69, 97-Fig. 62.
at

nageliana 15, 26, 27,
nana 13,15, 69, 97-Fig. 63.
8, 15, 28, 39-Fig. 15.
notosibirica 12, 13, 15, 63, 70, 71, 78, 79,
97-Fig. 64., 98-Fig.
nymphalis 9, = 71,74, 98-Fig. 66.
obliquipetala 1

operculata 15.33

orbicularis 3, 4,5, 8, 15, 19, 20, 29, 30, 34,
39-Fig. 16.

otarion 9, 15, 71, 98-Fig. 67.

parsonsii 1, 12, 15, 72, 98-Fig. 68.
patula 1, 8, 9, 15, 23, 31, 40-Fig. 17.
pergrata “chads beds egret ert cee

podoglossa
pringlei 4, Pe melt 31, 40-Fig. 18.
5, 13, 15, 105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 110, 112-Fig. 97.
psilantha 1, 8, 15, 32, 40-Fig. 19.

pterophora 15
pumila 9, 16, 73, 74, 99-Fig. 71.
16
punctatifolia 16
pusilla 10, 11, 16, 63, 64, 65, 74,75, 79, 80, 86,
99-Fig. 72.
pyxos 16, 43
quadridentata 16
quartzicola 68

Trichosalpinx quitensis 5,9, 14, 16, 75, 76,
100-Fig. 73.

ramosii 1, 13, 16, 108, 112-Fig. 98.

ringens 5, 6, 8, 16, 33, 40-Fig. 20.

robledorum orer 76, 100-Fig. 74.

roraimensis 16, 74,

mura Teles 16.50.33, 34, 41-Fig. 21.

scabridula 13, opeciesiee 75, 77, 78,
83, 100-Fig. 75

semilunata 10, 14, Mee te?

silverstonei 1, 13, 16, 108, 109, 112-Fig. 99.

— I, 1 12, 16, 79, 101-Fig. 78.

ser By 1, 5, 13, 16, 109, 112-Fig. 100.
spathuliglossa 16
steyermarkii 1, 10, 16, 79, 80, 101-Fig. 79.

strumifera 1, 12, 16, 80, 101-Fig. 80.
9, 16,74, 80, 81, 102-Fig. 81.
a roe

81, 102-Fig. 82.
teagueii 1, 9, 16, 82, 102-Fig. 83.

tenera
tenuiflora 13, 16, 116, 118-Fig. 107.
84,

tropida 11, 16,67, 85, 103-Fig.
uvaria 1, 13, 16, 109, ‘110, 113-Fig. 101.
vagans 11, 16, 42, 55, 56, 85,
104-Fig. 89.
vasquezii 1,8, 16,35, 41-Fig. 24.
vertex 16, 82
16

wacketii 16
webbiae 9, 16, 86, 104-Fig. 90.
wilhelmii 1, 11, 16, 86, 87, 104-Fig. 91.
xiphochila 16

yanganensis 10, 16, 87, 104-Fig. 92.
zephyrina 16

zanagensis 1, 13, 16, 110, 113-Fig. 102.

122 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

VALIDATION OF TAXA
PUBLISHED IN ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM XIV

Because of f omissions of designation of holotypes i in Monogr. ce Bot. 61, , part ; ay Lepanthes of
Ecuador, th

of Botanical Nomenclature.

Page 53: Lepanthes cauda-avis Luer, sp. nov. Ecuador: Zamora-Chinchipe, D. D’ Alessandro 239
: MO).
Page 112: a maccolmiana Luer, sp. nov. Ecuador: Esmeraldas, J.L. Clark & C. Watt 838

os MO; Isotype:
Page 141: Lepanthes proboscidis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov. Ecuador: Imbabura, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz
15178 (Holerrpet MO).

ypograr in M: gr. Syst Bot 61 , part 3, [ nth f E. d , the publica-
é fel. £71 g SE * ly published. i. They a i tend:
Page 79: in Lepanthes eriocampa Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov. Ecuador: Morona Santiago, Luer et al. 13879
read Luer et al. 13979 (Holotype: MO).
Page 11 " er & Hirtz, sp. nov. Ecuador: Carchi, Hirtz 3420 should read
Hirtz 3620 (Holotype: MO).
1: Brachionidium | cars eat Ecuador: Imbabura, 5. Dalstrém et al.

A ingramii Lue

2113 should read S. Dalstrdm et al. 2048 (Holotype: M
Addenda 6: lis panica Dalstrém, xg nov. Ecuador: Sucumbios, S. Dalstrém et al.
2113 should read S. Dalstrm et al. 2123 (Holotype: MO).

Corrigenda for Monogr. Syst. Bot. 61, part 3, Lepanthes of Ecuador:

Page “ar ee bilobed, as long as the lip, ‘lip’ should read ‘column.’
cordate, much shorter than the lip, ‘lip’ should read ‘column.’

Page 20, rhe soe i should read *13.”

Page 23: 1” Sepals entire..................27, ‘27’ should read ‘28.’

Pace E12: in Lepanthes lycocephala, delete the word ‘H

Page 120: in Lepanthes monitor, delete the citation for Luer eal. 13540.

Paga 121: in Lepanthes monoptera, delete the citation oe ee 4940 in first line.
: i Luer 9787.

Page 14 th " DO fee Ri Se Tae ie A ee,

Page 174% in Lepanthes urotepala, Hira 1635 should read Hirtz 1633.
“ee 253: in index, corazonis 10

Corrigendum for Orquideologéa 20(2): 231, 1996:
should read P. Silverstone Soystin otal. 4304 (Holotype: CUV

Choos, P. EF Siiverstone-Sopkin et al. 4334
C; Isotype: MO).

ADDENDA TO DRACULA, MASDEVALLIA, C
AND SCAI

UM
ABSTRACT
"TL £71 * eam oe if e
s ,
sew conbaton Maa pecies in Scaph lum Pfitz., and a
& Endl.) ‘. b 63:38 a
gh = ar x Oi p |
Atnd+ ‘ Ry ae Q
. —— iy revised in prey dha The plates are

New species, subspecies and stat. et nom. nov.:
Dracula kareniae Luer & Dalstrém, sp . NOV.

& Dalstrém, subsp. nov.
is ;

Dracula kareniae Luer & Dalstrom, sp. nov.
f Bishop py Coltoms, oq onileciet of thle species

fines species generis Draculae sepalis ba te pulum profundu onnatis intus cremeis
punct is br vi sime | b tibus, sepalorur di gracilibus, petalis densissimi multipapillosis,

Plant medit ize, epiphytic, it ots coarse. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 cm long,
enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, carinate, 18-22 cm long including
an indistinct petiole ca. 2 cm long, the blade narowly obovate, aul, 22.5 om wide, narrowed
below into the petiole. Inflorescence a suberect, loose, sim simultaneously fe >w-flowered raceme —_ bya
slender bracted cle 18 cm long, from low tubular, oblique, 8-

sparsely

10 mm long; pedicels 15 mm long; ovary 5 mm long, round in cross-section; sepals dark red pul
extemally, cream-co Jored within with purple dots and shortly pubescent w1 within, the dorsal sepal obov

17 mm long, 19 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 mm pap ane kak ne ee TE
the apex transverse, abruptly contracted into a slender, , suberect, purple tail 4.5 cm long, the lateral
connate 16 mm into a transversely oe lamina, 20 mm long, 30 mm wide, , with a broad, shallow
mentum, the apices transversely obtuse uptly

dorsal sepal; petals ivory with blackish brown center, , cartilaginous, ot obovate, 3. 5 mm long, = 25 mm
wide, geoasing near the middle, densely pap minae, the inner

r lamina

short, subacute, the oute: minutely denticulate: obscure! yet

7 mm long, 4 mm wide, the epichile rounded, concave, with the margins erect, not incurved, traversed by

tall, longitudinal keels, "4.5 keels on either side of a central keel, 4mm long, 4 mm wide, the hypochile

indistinctly demarcated from the ichile, subovate, 3 mm long, 3 mm wide, with erect, narrowly round

marginal angles, deeply lft centrally between pi of tilabuate pats, the conrsvs se hinged 8
the column-foot; column white, stout, semiterete, 4 mm long, with a stout foot 3 mm

a Prov. of Carchi: cunt above Maldonado, alt. 2000 m, 17 Mar. 1996,

wered in cultivation 21 Sept. 1996, by J J. Sénnemark in Halmstad, Sweden, S. aa Ingram &

x " Ferveli-ingrant 2273 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 18480.

This species is distinguished from other, similar species by the narrow, acute
leaves, and a relatively large, campanulate flower. The long-tailed sepals are
deeply connate, ger purple externally and pubescent and cream within en multi-
ple small spots. Th e papillae between the valves of the petals are num s. The
epichile of the lip is concave with nine or ten lamellae radiating to separa vd

margins.

In the key to the species of Dracula published in Icones 10, D. kareniae keys
out to the Colombian D. pholeodytes which differs in possessing a deeply concave
synsepal that is purple-black within.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 110. Dracula kareniae Luer & Dalstrom

SYSTEMATICS OF DRACULA 125

ne — mhrige de Luer subsp. erythrocodon Luer & Dalstrém, aoe. nov.
Ety: From odon, “a ed bell,” referring to the campanulate Hower
Subsp. haec epee ery agin? eee i dum cum flore
\o differt.

£&

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls slender, erect, 2-3 cm long,
enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, paaps aceous, carinate, 15-23 cm long may be
indistinct petiole, the blade very narrowly obovate, se, 0: TE lcm a gradually narrowed
; ee iolat Infl

e

dark red-purple shi ed extemally. io toward the base, shortly pubescent

Spree ee ry i contracted into &

pendent,
23 mm long, 28 mm wide, with a shallow, the subretuse apices abruptly contracted
jt dsconig ns arn of be al prs ory inns i seg:
ah ane a neo: calls below the mide wi white, obscurely
Ae cabcd seincty dasicelte with a flat, dark purple 4 cate
central carina, with a pair of erect lamellae A ideo the hypocile, base subtruncate,
hinged to the column-foot; column white, to, em terete, 6 mm long, with a qa par ay ta
ECUADOR: Prov. of C. fi Maldonado, alt. 2000 m, 17 Mar. 00%
S. Dalstrim, S. Ing ram dK. Wann 2 MO), C. Luer iTlustr. 17842; same area, alt.
2200-2500 m, a. 1989, cul . $6 in Halmstad, Sweden, 10 10 Ang, 1985.5: Daler
2047 (MO); above Rio tale, gree: Golondrinas, at. 2070-2430 m, 4 Dec. 1987, faery rn
(MO). Prov. Imbabura: Rio Los Cedros, Aug. 1993, cultivated by J. Sénnemark in
Sept. 1994, S. Dalstrém s.n. (MO), C. Luer illustr. 17006.

This subspecies is locally abundant in moist fo
known population of the typical subspecies whic
trially. The subspecies differs from the typical su
single, red flower instead of a simultaneously oki ew-flowered raceme of orange
flowers. However, a second flower occasionally follo |!
usually shorter than the leaf. The flower is similar to the typica peer, 5g
being bia? red externally and white within, and perhaps a little a

morphol seca difference isthe presence ofa flat, purple callus inner surface
of the claw dine petals below the middle.

Masdevallia amplexa Luer, sp. NOV.
Ety.: lbegda, akon one coe

der. este renee erect, 2 cm py

ci ae
medium in size, epiphytic caespitose; roots ‘ncinding an petiole ca.

dorsal sepal yellow, ow, suffused with rose, ovate, 10mm tracted into an erect, slender, orange
sepals for or 5 mm to form a short, sepaline tubs. tube, the apex aot soto a concave lamina 20 mm long, 20
tail 2.5-3 cm long, the laterals deep red-purple, connate 15 mm te se G-eined with the veins tick
mm wide expanded, with a small but deep secatay tails 13 mm long; petals tr
pst dy geaye? 2 mm wide the apex Pro iar pi

column, the the labellar half

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 111. Dracula sodiroi (Schitr.) Luer subsp. erythrocodon

127

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

amplexa Luer

Plate 29. Masdevallia

128 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

wide, thinly inged the middle, the ap » muemiely verrucose, with tes acute tip < decurved,
4° W: js. At, foot;

column white, 2 ar glee y na 5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, spotted, with an incurved
extension.

PERU: Dept. of Huanuco: > ope i ag cla ae cultivated by J & L Orchids, 1297-
548, C. Luer 18670 (Holotype: MO).

Superficially resembling M. carruthersiana, this species is distinguished from
others in subsection Alaticaules by the concave synsepal with the veins thickened
within and relatively short recurving tails. Most distinguishing are the petals that
clasp the column with dilated margins above the middle. The lip differs with the
usual marginal folds becoming winglike extensions of the margin above the middle.

Masdevallia bicornis = Stat. et nom. nov
Ety.: bb atdeacns aces Teese lacie bn ths bets
Syn.: Portillia poy KS nie & J.Portilla, Archila 6: Dt 1996, not M. popowiana K6niger.
Plant rt der. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-2.5 cm
long, pair ratte loose, tubular seas ‘Leaf erect, ot coriaceous, ies cm long eta
why

petiole 3-5 cm long, the bl subacute, 3-3.5 cm

cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a a solitary, nutant nutant flower. ower, possibly followed by a second

stop basemen GL ses 12-24 cm long, with 3 distant bracts, the peduncle covered by

more or less branching scales, from r lar, oblique, 7-10 mm

long; pedicel 8-12 mm ing ae oreys arcuate, smooth to minutely verrucose, 6-8 mm long; sepals red-
yellow tails, g y, " , 15 mm long, 12 mm

wide, 3-veined, lateral sepals for 5 mm without forming a sepaline tube, the apex sub-

acute, contracted into a f Pecos et # epee im the lateral sepals connate 18 mm
eins xpanded, bifid, obovate lamina, 25 mm long, 24 mm wide, 6-veined, each half sulcate

gins sind coat ice slender tails 30-35 mm long; petals light yellow, cartilaginous, arcuate,
i 5 mm long, eee the apex obtusely obliquely bilobed, 2 mm wide, the base

an acute, Process 1.5 mm long, connate obliquely to the column just above the base; lip
haa dark Wear bases srecaee with yellow calli, oblong-subpandurate,7 mm long, 3
mm wide above the middle, 1.4 mm wide at the middle, the apex shallowly bilobed with the lobes
grooved. obtn

between a longitudinal pair of calli Sei tene uncinate
’ . processes 1 mm long emerging from
the Iateral surface on the basal fourth, concave beneath, attached within with a short, thin strap to the

column-foot; column light yellow,
the foot thick with a shon. tir, in es Semiterete, 8 mm long, narrowly winged above the middle,

Popo Teed ee Morona-Santiago: El Pangni, alt. 1000 m, collected by J. Portilla, exported to N.
xpo Oo

» flowered in cultivation ‘1 in Miinchen by Kéniger WK-73 (Holotype: Sere ted but not

present at K, QCA); “Macas, alt. 700 m, A. Hirtz 6581 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 18609

This distinctive species, apparently endemic in lowland, southeastern Ecuador,
was described in a monotypic genus by K6niger without explanation, reason,
comparison, or discussion. An examination and an illustration of a subsequent
collection reveal that the species is closely allied to subsection Oscillantes of sec-
tion Masdevallia. The species was first collected in 1996 by José Portilla who
plants to Popow in German

y.

d by a short ramicaul and a thinly coria-
Oscillans “arger than potpre carn tynageytearshee
beac es. The species is distinguished from all known members of Masdevallia

very similar to those found covering the peduncles of some i
species of Scaphosepa-
lum. This single, morphological feature, unique in the genus Masdevallia, is not

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

Plate 30. Masdevallia bicornis Luet

130 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

sufficient to remove the species from the genus while the flowers are typical of a
subgeneric taxon. Both smooth peduncles and scurfy or verrucose peduncles occur
in several pleurothallid genera.

Except for the pair of tiny thorn-like processes on the lip, the morphology of the
flowers is characteristic of subsection Oscillantes. The dorsal sepal is connate to
the lateral sepals without forming a tube. The sepals are long-caudate, the laterals

ith subpli i ini f those seen in M. empusa Luer and M. trochilus

Lind. & André.
The petals are short, arcuate and cartilaginous with a pointed process, or tooth,
at the base exactly as seen in several species of subsection Oscillantes. The lip is of
the same basic design found in all members of the subsection, with a tall, cleft
callus closely resembling that of M. catapheres K6niger. An interesting addition to
the lip of M. bicornis is the pair of minute, pointed appendages that arise from the
sides of the lip above the base. These processes could possibly be analogous to the
lateral lobules found on the lips of M. andreettana Luer and M. persicina Luer.

The lip is flexibly joined to the column-foot by a thin, strap-like hinge, the
extension from the tip of the column-foot. It is attached within the concave under
surface of the base of the lip, in a manner similar to that of all the species of subsec-
tion Oscillantes, to permit an oscillating motion. The proportionately large, arcuate,
longitudinally winged column with ventral anther, pollinarium and stigma is typical
of all the species of the subsection.

Masdevallia harlequina Luer, sp. nov.
Ety.: Named for H: rt q i oe ch it is. L 4a A
tights,

A. 1
BUCY P LB

Inter species Masdevalliae subsect, Caudatae synsepalo ad medium concavo, sepalorum caudis
% dente crassissimo, et labello fimbriato distinguitur.

tobias shea vile, caespitose; roots slender. i black, stout, erect, 1 cm long, enclosed
x ety 5s Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4.5-5.5 cm long including the iole ca. 2 cm long, the
ad obtuse. 1.5-2 cm wide, into the petiole. Inflorescence a single flower,
ie by a suberect peduncle ca. 4 cm long, with a bract at the t fi ee
ep A rect tubular, 8-9 mm long; pedicel 17-18 mm long; ovary 4 mm long; sepals light
above the nandene ous Small, diffuse patches of , red- hai rect,

Sen ahs middle, » mm long, 11 mm wide, connate basally to th

es ne cup, the apex rounded, contracted abrupth y into a slender, acutely re-
the fe despa 42m ong, the lateral sepals subquadrate, oblique, connate 10 mm into transverse lamina
long: petals white ng cpu With the apices obtuse, contracted into slender, recurving tails ca. 4.5 cm
tridentate, the labellar al » triangular, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, minutely
with purple ovate, erect, 6 — ~ Process extending beyond the base; lip green, dotted
gins thin, long-deatie,) fo Fintrae, > tim Wide, thickened tow the rounded base, with the mar-

hineod hennish ase 1 ve the middle, the apex black, minutely trilobed, the base
with an incurved extension, : ent yellow, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot equally long

PERU: Dept. of Hudnuco: without speci : j 4
1297-547,C. Laer 18659 (Heat Oat Pesned from M. Arias, cultivated a J & L Orchids,

_ Among the species of section Masdevallia subsection Caudatae, this species is

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 131

Plate 31. Masdevallia harlequina Luet

132 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

sepals are deeply connate to form a conspicuous, well-demarcated, central depres-
sion. The long, slender tails are reflexed. The callus of the petals is thick with
square edges as it protrudes beyond the base. The lip stands erect in the center of
the flower, hinged to a long, incurved column-foot. The lip is ovate with thin, long-
fringed margins, unique in the subsection.

Masdevallia recurvata Luer & Dalstrém, sp. nov.
Ety.: From the Latin recurvatus, “recurved,” referring to the sepaline tails.

Species haec B. bicolori Poepp. & Endl affinis, sed fl ij g' prodientibus cum
canihn 1, . SAS ee Sa.
Plant mediu caespit arse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2 cm long,

in si epiphvtic
enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, tabular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, subpetiolate, 7-9 cm long including
a petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the
ti } *

i a succession of single a cong:
erect, tiquetrous peduncle 10-11 cm long, with a thin bract at the base, from near the base of a ramicaul:
floral bract tubular, 12-14 mm long; pedicel 12-15 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals red-purple, orange

» connate to the lateral sepals for 6 mm to form an oblique, campanulate tube, the free portion
ovate, obtuse, contracted into a stout, recurved tail 16-19 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 18
mm long, connate 14 mm into lamina 20 mm broad expanded, forming a mentum with the
column-foot, the apices subacute, contracted into stout, recurved tails 7-8 mm long; petals whi

° . * * ong.
with winglike marginal folds, the epichile suborbicular, deflexed with recurved margins, the
apex rounded, apiculate, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, the hypochile oblong, featureless,
the rep Se hinged beneath: column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 3 mm long with a
ree extension.

PERU: Without specific locality, imported among roots of M. cinnamomea, flowered in cultivation in
Halmstad, Sweden, by J. Sénnemark, S. Dalstrém 2270 (Holotype: MO).

This Species grew from among the roots of a plant of M. cinnamomea Rchbf.
Cultivated by Jan Sénnemark in Halmstad, Sweden. It is another of the numerous
relatives of M. bicolor, but from them it is distinguished by larger flower produced
singly and successively, and by relatively thick, recurved sepaline tails.

Mycunaties ) Luer, Selbyana 7: 51, 1982.
: Klewrothallis seidelii Pabst, Bradea 2: 54, 1975,
hg amed in honor of Alvin Seidel of Corupé, Santa Catarina, Brazil, collector of this species.
Piant medium to large, epiphytic, shortly repent, the rhizome stout, 0.5-1 cm long between rami-
$ hispidous; “ee icauls ascending to erect, stout, Se
’ sheaths. erect thick] CO ed Li . 1 1
20cm long, 1-2.2 cm wide, cuneate below into the 4 iol. is ibid £. ey ¢ ingle,
coat Shs ha diate Fee of the ramicanl; peduncles 10-15 mm long; floral bracts minutely pues:
ly dotted with 2 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals green, suffused with dark brown, sparse-
oblong, obtuse, 1i mm} extemally, m pubescent within, thickly fleshy, the dorsal sepal
lateral sepals ovate, oblique’ obean it With the margins revolute below the middle, 7-veined, the
> connate ¢. := el eae y pal wii revolute
Tovalus argos sant Wide mcapanded: petals brown with all hice en eee
from a . sales 9.5

> Spiculate-verrucose, with the sides revolute beneath, the disc thickened, shallowly
widemglciweer ae ee se Pair of thin lobules, hinged on the end; column stout, 4mm long,
below the middle. dle, the foot stout, 3 mm long, concave, with a pair of marginal angles

Panne Se

SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA

133

Plate 32. Masdevallia recurvata Luer & Dalstrém

134 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

BRAZIL: Edo. Espirito Sant Marechal Floriano, flowered in cultivati nm, 19 June 1973, A. Seidel
1068 (Holotype: HB); Munic. of Marechal Floriano, Sao Bento de Vrania, epiphytic in virgin forest, alt.
1000 m, 27 Sept. 1996, A. Toscano de Brito, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Kautsky 1019 (RB, MO), C. Luer
illustr. 18059.

This species was listed in the synonymy of M. lonchophyllus in the revision of
Myoxanthus in Icones Pleurothallidinarum-IX. An examination of fresh flowers

ship is very close. Vegetatively the two species are indistinguishable. The flowers
are also similar, but the sepals of M. seidelii are pubescent within and the lip is
bulbous at the apex. The tip is suborbicular witt 1 gins above the middle
with the surface minutely spiculate-verrucose. The sepals of M. lonchophyllus are
glabrous and the apex of the lip is merely convex, not bulbous-thickened

Scaphosepalum panduratum Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.
Ety.: From the Latin panduratus, “‘pandurate,”” referring to the violin-shaped lip.

Species haec S. swertiifolii subsp. exigui Luer & Escobar affinis, sed habitu florit que minoribus,
Si cebdined Gemdin tee cies peice: EE llis minoribus angulo interi babies

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 0.5-1 cm long, enclosed
_ _ by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, 4.5-7 cm long including the 1-2 cm long pe-
tole, the blade narrowly elliptical, acute, 0.8-1 cm wide, gradually 1 below into the subpetiol
a0 ee gested above, successively several to many-flowered

F brane, muding the slender, smooth, horizontal to descending peduncle, from low on the rasicaul
floral bracts thin, infundi 2; pedicel 5-10 long; ovary smoot! 2.5 mm long; sepals
uffused with dark purple, middle sepal thick, carinate, ovate,

Da is

concave in the lower half,

spotted and s
5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex with a thick, verruco

cave, ovoid lamina 6.5 mm long, 6 mm wide panded, the ion of each lateral sepal round-
ed, occupied by a thick, well i a $s cushion ith the i angle acu-
tam long, penn ng: 3 mm wide, dotted with purple, the apices contracted into sh der, decurved

mm long; » 2.5 mm long, 1.25 wide, the apex acute, oblique; lip spotted
with > Pandurate, reflexed near the middle, 2.5 mm long, 1.4 ide, middle with a
pair of erect, ichile rounded, erose, the , trun-

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Urrao, El Llavero, alt. 1400 m, collected Jan. 1990 by M. Zapata,
wi ists Cultivation at Colomborquideas, Mar. 1997, R. Escobar 8226 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer il-

135

,
|

Plate 48. Myoxanthus seidelit (Pabst) Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF SCAPHOSEPALUM

136

Plate 49. Scaphosepalum panduratum Luer & Escobar

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